2024年2月29日发(作者:侯永)
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马丁路德金演讲稿
马丁路德金演讲稿
by Martin Luther King, Jr.
Delivered on the steps at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington
D.C. on August 28, 1963
Five score years ago, a great American, in ho symbolic shado
e stand signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous
decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro
slaves ho had been ared in the flames of ithering injustice.
It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity.
But one hundred years later, e must face the tragic fact that
the Negro is still not free. One hundred years later, the life
of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of
gregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years
later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst
of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later,
the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American
society and finds himlf an exile in his on land. So e have
e here today to dramatize an appalling condition.
In a n e have e to our nation's capital to cash a check.
When the architects of our republic rote the magnificent ords
of the Constitution and the declaration of Independence, they
ere signing a promissory note to hich every American as to fall
heir. This note as a promi that all men ould be guaranteed
the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of
happiness.
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this
promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned.
Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given
the Negro people a bad check hich has e back marked insufficient
funds. But e refu to believe that the bank of justice is
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bankrupt. We refu to believe that there are insufficient
funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. So e
have e to cash this check -- a check that ill give us upon demand
the riches of freedom and the curity of justice. We have also
e to this halloed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency
of no. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off
or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. No is the time
to ri from the dark and desolate valley of gregation to the
sunlit path of racial justice. No is the time to open the doors
of opportunity to all of God's children. No is the time to lift
our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid
rock of brotherhood.
It ould be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the
moment and to underestimate the determination of the Negro.
This ltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent ill
not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and
equality. Nieen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning.
Tho ho hope that the Negro needed to blo off steam and ill
no be content ill have a rude aakening if the nation returns
to business as usual. There ill be neither rest nor tranquility
in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights.
The hirlinds of revolt ill continue to shake the foundations
of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges. But there
is something that I must say to my people ho stand on the arm
threshold hich leads into the palace of justice. In the process
of gaining our rightful place e must not be guilty of rongful
deeds. Let us not ek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by
drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred.
We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of
dignity and discipline. We must not allo our creative protest
to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again e must
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ri to the majestic heights of meeting physical force ith soul
force. The marvelous ne militancy hich has engulfed the Negro
munity must not lead us to distrust of all hite people, for many
of our hite brothers, as evidenced by their prence here today,
have e to realize that their destiny is tied up ith our destiny
and their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. We
cannot alk alone.
And as e alk, e must make the pledge that e shall march ahead.
We cannot turn back. There are tho ho are asking the devotees
of civil rights, When ill you be satisfied? We can never be
satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy ith the fatigue of travel,
cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highays and the hotels
of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro's
basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can
never be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote
and a Negro in Ne York believes he has nothing for hich to vote.
No, no, e are not satisfied, and e ill not be satisfied until
justice rolls don like aters and righteousness like a mighty
stream.
I am not unmindful that some of you have e here out of great
trials and tribulations. Some of you have e fresh from narro
cells. Some of you have e from areas here your quest for freedom
left you battered by the storms of percution and staggered
by the inds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of
creative suffering. Continue to ork ith the faith that unearned
suffering is redemptive.
Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to Georgia,
go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our
northern cities, knoing that someho this situation can and ill
be changed. Let us not allo in the valley of despair.
I say to you today, my friends, that in spite of the
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difficulties and frustrations of the moment, I still have a
dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.
I have a dream that one day this nation ill ri up and live
out the true meaning of its creed: We hold the truths to be
lf-evident; that all men are created equal.
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the
sons of former slaves and the sons of former slaveoners ill be
able to sit don together at a table of brotherhood.
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a
dert state ltering ith the heat of injustice and oppression,
ill be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.
I have a dream that my four children ill one day live in a nation
here they ill not be judged by the color of their skin but by
the content of their character. I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day the state of Alabama, ho
governor's lips are prently dripping ith the ords of
interposition and nullification, ill be transformed into a
situation here little black boys and black girls ill be able
to join hands ith little hite boys and hite girls and alk
together as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every
hill and mountain shall be made lo, the rough places ill be made
plain, and the crooked places ill be made straight, and the
glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall e
it together.
This is our hope. This is the faith ith hich I return to the
South. With this faith e ill be able to he out of the mountain
of despair a stone of hope. With this faith e ill be able to
transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful
symphony of brotherhood. With this faith e ill be able to ork
together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail
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together, to stand up for freedom together, knoing that e ill
be free one day.
This ill be the day hen all of God's children ill be able to
sing ith a ne meaning My country, 'tis of thee, Seet land of
liberty, of thee I sing:
Land here my fathers died,Land of the pilgrim's pride, From
every mountainside, Let freedom ring.
And if America is to be a great nation this must bee true. So
let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of Ne Hampshire.
Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of Ne York. Let
freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania!
Let freedom ring from the snocapped Rockies of Colorado! Let
freedom ring from the curvaceous peaks of California!
But not only that; let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of
Georgia!
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tenne!
Let freedom ring from every hill and every molehill of
Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring.
When e let freedom ring, hen e let it ring from every village
and every hamlet, from every state and every city, e ill be able
to speed up that day hen all of God's children, black men and
hite men, Jes and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, ill be
able to join hands and sing in the ords of the old Negro
spiritual, Free at last! free at last! thank God almighty, e
are free at last!
译文:我有一个梦想
今天,我高兴地同大家一起,参加这次将成为我国历史上为了争取自由而举行的最伟大的示威集会。 100年前,一位伟大的美国人--今天我们就站在他象征性的身影下--签署了《解放宣言》。这项重要法令的颁布,对于千百万灼烤于非正义残焰中的黑奴,犹如带来希望之光的硕大灯塔,恰似结束漫漫长夜禁锢的欢畅黎明。
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然而,100年后,黑人依然没有获得自由。100年后,黑人依然悲惨地蹒跚于种族隔离和种族歧视的枷锁之下。100年后,黑人依然生活在物质繁荣翰海的贫困孤岛上。100年后,黑人依然在美国社会中间向隅而泣,依然感到自己在国土家园中流离漂泊。 所以,我们今天来到这里,要把这骇人听闻的情况公诸于众。
从某种意义上说,我们来到国家的首都是为了兑现一张支票。我们共和国的缔造者在拟写宪法和独立宣言的辉煌篇章时,就签署了一张每一个美国人都能继承的期票。这张期票向所有人承诺--不论白人还是黑人--都享有不可让渡的生存权、自由权和追求幸福权。 然而,今天美国显然对她的有色公民拖欠著这张期票。美国没有承兑这笔神圣的债务,而是开始给黑人一张空头支票--一张盖著 资金不足 的印戳被退回的支票。但是,我们决不相信正义的银行会破产。我们决不相信这个国家巨大的机会宝库会资金不足。 因此,我们来兑现这张支票。这张支票将给我们以宝贵的自由和正义的保障。 我们来到这块圣地还为了提醒美国:现在正是万分紧急的时刻。现在不是从容不迫悠然行事或服用渐进主义镇静剂的时候。现在是实现民主诺言的时候。现在是走出幽暗荒凉的种族隔离深谷,踏上种族平等的阳关大道的时候。现在是使我们国家走出种族不平等的流沙,踏上充满手足之情的磐石的时候。现在是使上帝所有孩子真正享有公正的时候。
忽视这一时刻的紧迫性,对于国家将会是致命的。自由平等的朗朗秋日不到来,黑人顺情合理哀怨的酷暑就不会过去。1963年不是一个结束,而是一个开端。
如果国家依然我行我素,那些希望黑人只需出出气就会心满意足的人将大失所望。 在黑人得到公民权之前,美国既不会安宁,也不会平静。反抗的旋风将继续震撼我们国家的基石,直至光辉灿烂的正义之日来临。
但是,对于站在通向正义之宫艰险门槛上的人们,有一些话我必须要说。在我们争取合法地位的过程中,切不要错误行事导致犯罪。我们切不要吞饮仇恨辛酸的苦酒,来解除对于自由的饮渴。
我们应该永远得体地、纪律严明地进行斗争。我们不能容许我们富有创造性的抗议沦为暴力行动。我们应该不断升华到用灵魂力量对付
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肉体力量的崇高境界。
席卷黑人社会的新的奇迹般的战斗精神,不应导致我们对所有白人的不信任--因为许多白人兄弟已经认识到:他们的命运同我们的命运紧密相连,他们的自由同我们的自由休戚相关。他们今天来到这里参加集会就是明证。
我们不能单独行动。当我们行动时,我们必须保证勇往直前。我们不能后退。有人问热心民权运动的人: 你们什么时候会感到满意? 只要黑人依然是不堪形容的警察暴行恐怖的牺牲品,我们就决不会满意。只要我们在旅途劳顿后,却被公路旁汽车游客旅社和城市旅馆拒之门外,我们就决不会满意。只要黑人的基本活动范围只限于从狭小的黑人居住区到较大的黑人居住区,我们就决不会满意。只要我们的孩子被 仅供白人 的牌子剥夺个性,损毁尊严,我们就决不会满意。只要密西西比州的黑人不能参加选举,纽约州的黑人认为他们与选举毫不相干,我们就决不会满意。不,不,我们不会满意,直至公正似水奔流,正义如泉喷涌。
我并非没有注意到你们有些人历尽艰难困苦来到这里。你们有些人刚刚走出狭小的牢房。有些人来自因追求自由而遭受迫害风暴袭击和警察暴虐狂飙摧残的地区。你们饱经风霜,历尽苦难。继续努力吧,要相信:无辜受苦终得拯救。
实用演讲稿大全 演讲稿书写格式 演讲稿书写技巧 竞聘演讲稿 爱国主义教育演讲稿 英语演讲稿
回到密西西比去吧;回到亚拉巴马去吧;回到南卡罗来纳去吧;回到佐治亚去吧;回到路易斯安那去吧;回到我们北方城市中的贫民窟和黑人居住区去吧。要知道,这种情况能够而且将会改变。我们切不要在绝望的深渊里沉沦。
朋友们,今天我要对你们说,尽管眼下困难重重,但我依然怀有一个梦。这个梦深深植根于美国梦之中。
我梦想有一天,这个国家将会奋起,实现其立国信条的真谛: 我们认为这些真理不言而喻:人人生而平等。
我梦想有一天,在佐治亚州的红色山岗上,昔日奴隶的儿子能够同昔日奴隶主的儿子同席而坐,亲如手足。
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我梦想有一天,甚至连密西西比州--一个非正义和压迫的热浪逼人的荒漠之州,也会改造成为自由和公正的青青绿洲。
我梦想有一天,我的四个小女儿将生活在一个不是以皮肤的颜色,而是以品格的优劣作为评判标准的国家里。 我今天怀有一个梦。
我梦想有一天,亚拉巴马州会有所改变--尽管该州州长现在仍滔滔不绝地说什么要对联邦法令提出异议和拒绝执行--在那里,黑人儿童能够和白人儿童兄弟姐妹般地携手并行。 我今天怀有一个梦。
我梦想有一天,深谷弥合,高山夷平,歧路化坦途,曲径成通衢,上帝的光华再现,普天下生灵共谒。
这是我们的希望。这是我将带回南方去的信念。有了这个信念,我们就能从绝望之山开采出希望之石。有了这个信念,我们就能把这个国家的嘈杂刺耳的争吵声,变为充满手足之情的悦耳交响曲。有了这个信念,我们就能一同工作,一同祈祷,一同斗争,一同入狱,一同维护自由,因为我们知道,我们终有一天会获得自由。 到了这一天,上帝的所有孩子都能以新的含义高唱这首歌:
我的祖国,可爱的自由之邦,我为您歌唱。这是我祖先终老的地方,这是早期移民自豪的地方,让自由之声,响彻每一座山岗。
如果美国要成为伟大的国家,这一点必须实现。因此,让自由之声响彻新罕布什尔州的巍峨高峰!
让自由之声响彻纽约州的崇山峻岭!
让自由之声响彻宾夕法尼亚州的阿勒格尼高峰! 让自由之声响彻科罗拉多州冰雪皑皑的洛基山! 让自由之声响彻加利福尼亚州的婀娜群峰! 不,不仅如此;让自由之声响彻佐治亚州的石山! 让自由之声响彻田纳西州的望山!
让自由之声响彻密西西比州的一座座山峰,一个个土丘! 让自由之声响彻每一个山岗!
当我们让自由之声轰响,当我们让自由之声响彻每一个大村小庄,每一个州府城镇,我们就能加速这一天的到来。那时,上帝的所有孩子,黑人和白人,犹太教徒和非犹太教徒,耶稣教徒和天主教徒,将能携手同唱那首古老的黑人灵歌: 终于自由了!终于自由了!感谢全能的上帝,我们终于自由了!
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附:马丁 路德 金简介
马丁 路德 金,著名的美国民权运动领袖。1948年大学毕业。1948年到1951年间,在美国东海岸的费城继续深造。1963年,马丁 路德 金晋见了肯尼迪总统,要求通过新的民权法,给黑人以平等的权利。1963年8月28日在林肯纪念堂前发表《我有一个梦想》的演说。1964年度诺贝尔和平奖获得者。1968年4月,马丁 路德 金前往孟菲斯市领导工人罢工被人刺杀,年仅39岁。1986年起美国政府将每年1月的第三个星期一定为马丁路德金全国纪念日。
1929年1月15日,小马丁 路德 金出生在美国亚特兰大市奥本街501号,一幢维多利亚式的小楼里。他的父亲是牧师,母亲是教师。他从母亲那里学会了怎样去爱、同情和理解他人;从父亲那里学到了果敢、坚强、率直和坦诚。但他在黑人区生活,也感受到人格的尊严和作为黑人的痛苦。15岁时,聪颖好学的金以优异成绩进入摩尔豪斯学院攻读社会学,后获得文学学士学位。
尽管美国战后经济发展很快,强大的政治、军事力量使它登上了 自由世界 盟主的交椅。可国内黑人却在经济和政治上受到歧视与压迫。面对丑恶的现实,金立志为争取社会平等与正义作一名牧师。他先后就读于克拉泽神学院和波士顿大学,于1955年获神学博士学位后,到亚拉巴马州蒙哥马利市得克斯基督教浸礼会教堂作牧师。
1955年12月,蒙哥马利节警察当局以违反公共汽车座位隔离条令为由,逮捕了黑人妇女罗莎 帕克斯。金遂同几位黑人积极分子组织起 蒙哥马利市政改进协会 ,号召全市近5万名黑人对公共法与公司进行长达1年的抵制,迫使法院判决取消地方运输工具上的座位隔离。这是美国南部黑人第一次以自己的力量取得斗争胜利,从而揭开了持续10余年的民权运动的序幕,也使金博士锻炼成民权运动的领袖。
1968年4月4日,金被种族分子暗杀。
美国政府规定,从1986年起,每年1月的第3个星期一为小马丁 路德 金全国纪念日。
马丁 路德 金非暴力主张
伴随着种族主义长大的马丁 路德 金,深受种族主义的伤害,所以
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他积极参加反对种族隔离制度的斗争。但他主张的却是非暴力的斗争,而这种斗争方式的确是有思想原因的。他受甘地主义和基督教教义影响很深,是一位典型的和平主义者。他强调在争取黑人自由平等权利的斗争中,不应干违法的事,不能让 创造性的抗议堕落成为暴力行为 ,必须要有 用精神力量对付武力 的崇高境界。这里的精神力量在他看来,就是要以基督教宣传的 博爱 、 仁慈 来感化黑人的敌人并使之放下屠刀。
金之所以有这种思想与其青年时的学习有直接关系的。他在宾夕法尼亚的克罗泽学院学习时,利用业余时间,阅读了著名的神学著作 人们写的关于信仰的书,还有哲学著作 关于生活方式的书。这些书的思想给其留下了深刻的印象,并最终用于实践。但使马丁 路德 金最为激动的则是圣雄甘地的思想。甘地的非暴力,或称精神力量的哲学是印度人民对抗英帝国主义政治、军事力量的精神支柱。印度人民不断举行示威游行,反对外国政治的统治,无论这样统治是否出于善意。也无论是否正确,他们要自己来做出决定。
甘地说虽然他们必须准备好为取得独立而牺牲自己的生命,他们也决不可为此而进行杀戮 不管受到多么粗暴的对待。
马丁开始相信在印度能取得胜利,在美国也可以。他用自己的行动领导了一场声势浩大的以非暴力为原则的民权运动。
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