新概念英语第三册 Lesson 3 文章词汇语法详细解析

2024年2月2日发(作者：寇章)

固定搭配

发明：make discovery

句式句法

Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea.

中文习惯用主动语态。

英文习惯用被动语态。以事件、结果、影响、效果为主语，强调对客观事实的陈述。

1-2 一个美国考古队在阿伊亚.依里尼海角的一座古城里考察了一座庙宇。

An American team explored a temple {which stands in an ancient city on

the promontory of Ayia Irini}．

地道表达

Explore v. 考察，勘探（某个实物entity或问题some specific issues）；研究rearch, investigate

Explore space 探索宇宙

Explore the issue/topic/question

熟词新意

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stand(vi.) 此处表示“坐落于”“位于”“（高贵）矗立于” be located in

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A great tree stands on the mount. 一棵大树竖立在山上。

There is a temple standing on the top of the mountain. 山顶上有座寺庙。

A row of willows stands on the riverside. 河边长着一排柳树。

补充：同义表达

lie (vi.) ; situate(vt.); Locate(vt.) 使...坐落于, 位于

which = which lies in… = which is located in… = which is

补充：stand其他用法

Stand 做动词还可以表示“身高”。

She stands 1.75m. 她身高1.75米

She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips. 她身高三英尺，双手叉腰。

1-3 这座古城肯定一度很繁荣，因为它曾享有高度的文明，

The city at one time must have been prosperous，{for it enjoyed a high

level of civilization}．

生词学习

prosperous adj. （经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的

Our finance is prosperous. 我们的经济非常的繁荣。

补充：同义词

thriving adj.昌盛的，兴旺的

-- thriving business

booming adj.蓬勃的，景气的

-- a booming market繁荣的市场

flourishing adj.繁茂的，健康的

-- Tho plants are flourishing. 那些植物长得茂盛。

补充：近义辨析

He might have lied about his age. 1)同上; 2)关于年年龄，他本可能说谎的(其实没有说谎)

1-4 房子一般有3层楼高，用石块修建。

Hous--often three storeys high--were built of stone．

短语学习

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be built of: be made of some material

The hou was built of wood.

1-5里面房间很大，墙壁装饰华丽。

They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls．

句式句法

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With… 具有… （可以用于翻译中文中“……的”，做后置定语修饰名词）

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a young man with broad shoulders 肩膀宽厚的年轻人

an old lady with black hair 头发乌黑的老年妇女

beautifully decorated 单个过去/现在分词前置做定语修饰名词，此处的用法相当于形容词。

过去分词做定语, 被修饰词与修饰词之间为逻辑被动关系

-- a beautifully dresd lady 衣着漂亮的女士

-- a derted car park 废弃的停车场

-- a white painted door 被刷成白色的门

在正下方：Beneath = under

-- beneath the narrow streets = under the narrow streets

-- He is standing under/beneath the umbrella.

在进行中：只能用under

-- under control 控制之中 / under discussion 讨论之中 / under repairs修理之中

在下方（强调在斜下方）below

-- She is sitting below the window

短语表达

a great many “很多”

a great many 可以替代a lot或many表示“很多”。

补充：英语中表示“很多”的单词或短语：

（1）

后接单数可数名词

many a /an + 单数可数名词（这个短语作主语时谓语用单数）

Many a girl in our class has learned to swim.

Many a book was translated into English. (许多书被翻译为英语）

(2) 后接复数可数名词

many、 a great/good many 、a great/large number of 、scores of、dozens of和quite a few ,这类“许多”修饰作主语的名词时，谓语动词用复数。

There are a great/good many English books in our school library.

A great number of my friends have been to the Great Wall.

Scores/Dozens of people were killed in the accident.(许多人在这次事故中丧生）

I have made quite a few good friends, too.

（3）

后接不可数名词

much、 a great / good deal of 和a large amount of ，这类“许多”修饰主语名词时候，谓语用单数。

I don't know they gave us much help.

There is a great/good deal of snow on the ground.(地上有许多雪）

I spend a large amount of money on books every month.（我每月要花很多钱买书）

（4）

即可修饰可数复数名词也可以修饰不可数名词

a lot of 、lots of 、plenty of 、supplies of ， a great/large quantity of 、great/large quantities of

There are plenty of books on the shelf. I have plenty of time to do it

Supplies of trees were washed away.

Large quantities of water are needed every day. (修饰不可数n）

There are quantities of flowers in garden.（修饰可数n 复数）

固定搭配

a drainage system 排水系统

2-1考古工作者考察的这座庙宇从公元前15世纪直到罗马时代一直是祭祀祈祷的场所。

The temple {which the archaeologists explored} was ud as a place

of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times.

生词学习

worship

n. 对神的祟拜， 对人、物像神一样的崇拜

v. 崇拜，膜拜

a place of worship 拜神祈祷的地方

act of worship 宗教仪式

hero worship （盲目的）个人崇拜

Don’t talk while they are worshipping. 他们在做礼拜的时候请不要说话。

补充：近义辨析

revere v. 崇敬，崇拜，尊崇

The people revere their priest.

Venerate v. 对某人深表敬意，敬仰某人

The priests venerate the shrine as the holiest in their religion. 神父们非常敬仰圣地，把他们尊崇为宗教中最神圣的地方。

Adore v. 爱慕

The peasant girl adored the statue of Virgin Mary. 这个农村女孩非常崇敬圣母玛利亚的雕像。

补充：形近表达

Warship n.军舰, 战船

短语学习

be ud as / be ud to be 把…用作为

The box was ud as a desk in the small village school.

The wooden box was ud as a bookca.

补充：拓展

be ud to do 被用来做…

-- The wooden box is ud to contain books

2-2在庙中最神圣的一间殿堂里发现了15尊陶雕像的碎片。

In the most sacred room of the temple, clay fragments of

fifteen statues were found.

生词学习

Sacred adj. holy宗教的, 神圣的

sacred music 圣乐

sacred promi 神圣的诺言

补充：同义辨析

Holy adj. 神圣的, 圣洁的

-- a holy person. 圣洁的人 / a holy place. 神圣的地方

Solemn adj. 庄严的, 庄重的

Each of the reprented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted.

-- a solemn face 严肃的面孔 / a solemn ceremony 隆重的仪式

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statue n. 雕像

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statue of liberty 自由女神像

补充：形近表达

stature n. 高，水平

an artist of great stature 一位高水平的艺术家

status n. 地位，身份

marital status 婚姻状况

statute n. 法律法规

the college statute 校规

2-3 每一尊雕像代表一位女神，而且一度上过色。

Each of the reprented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted.

生词学习

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paint v. 涂颜料，上色

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paint the room pink

paint her nails

paint a picture 画画

2-4其中有一尊雕像，她的躯体是在公元前15世纪的历史文物中发现的，

The body of one statue was found among remains (dating from the

fifteenth century B.C.).

生词学习

remains n. 遗迹，残骸，残余，遗体

The Remains of the Day 《去日留痕》

The remains of lunch 午餐的剩饭

The remains of an aircraft 飞机残骸

His remains were returned to his homeland after his death. 他的遗体被运回家乡。

短语学习

date from 开始于…, 起始于…

The custom dating from 1990. 这项风俗起始于1990年。

The tradition dates from the time when his grandfather was young.

补充:近义比较

date back (to)

The castle dates from the 14th century.

= The castle dates back to the 14th century. 城堡建造于14世纪

2-5而她那身异处的脑袋却碰巧是在公元前5世纪的文物中找到的。

Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.

生词学习

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happen 偶然, 碰巧（强调事情的偶然发生）

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happen to

-- I happen to have driven that kind of car. 我恰巧开过那种车。

-- He happened to find the ticket in his pocket. 他偶然在口袋里找到票。

It happens that +从句

-- It happened that I met her on my way to work.=

I happened to meet her on my way work.

happen on 碰巧碰上

-- I happened on this old picture in the back of the drawer.我偶然的在抽屉的背面发现了这张旧照片。

-- Guess, who did I happen on while I was in London last month?

【注】表示中文的“偶然”“碰巧”，除了用对应的英语表达accidentally；casually；by accident；occasionally以外，还可以用happen引导的句型。

2-6她的脑袋一定是在古希腊罗马时代就为人所发现，并受到精心的保护。

This head must

carefully prerved.

生词学习

Classical adj.（希腊和罗马）古文化的（即传统的）；文科的, 人文科学的

have been found in Classical times and

classical music 古典音乐 / classical education 人文科学教育

补充：形近辨析

Classic adj. 第一流的, 标准的, 著名的, 典型的

-- This is the classic example of love at the first sight.

Classic n.杰作, 经典之作

That joke's a classic; it really is funny. "这个笑话确属一流,真是妙趣横生。"

注：可以用classic替代best，表示“最好的”“一流的”。

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Prerve v. 受到精心保护；保存

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Prerved body 木乃伊

Prerved fruits 蜜饯

补充：近义表达 “保存”

conrve: 保存，保藏，保护（强调节约的手段）

In winter, some people conrve energy by lowing the heat at night. 冬天里有人为了节约能源在夜里将暖气调低。

Prerve: 防止受到侵害

The government prerve the rights of the individual person.

Rerve 保留，储备；预定座位

We are rerving the ats for my parents.

2-7即使在当时，它也属历史悠久的珍奇之物。

It was very old and precious even then.

2-8考古工作者把这些碎片重新拼装起来后，惊奇地发现那位女神原来是一位相貌十分摩登的女郎。

{When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments},

they were amazed to find {that the goddess turned out to be a very

modern-looking woman}.

生词学习

Reconstruct v.修复 （Re --重新, 再次）

补充：同根词

Construct vt.构造, 建造, 组织（通过装配或组合部件而构成）

construct a ntence

construct a broken statuary（n.雕像）

补充：同根词

construction n.建设, 建造

constructive adj.有教育意义的

constructor n.建造者, 建设者

补充：近义比较

build a hou 造建筑物

put up a tent

erect vt. 盖, 使竖立, 使直立（build high buildings）

-- erect a monument 建造纪念碑 / erect a clock tower 建造钟楼

t up / establish / found 建立

-- t up students' union 学生会 （union n.联盟, 协会）

-- establish a school / establish a rule 设立一条规则

-- found a country 建立一个国家

【注】注意建立不同事物所用的动词选择。

Amaze v. very much surprid 惊奇，困惑，惊异

补充：近义表达

surprid < astonished < amazed < astounded 感到惊讶（语气递增）

【注】英语中表示“吃惊”的词汇很多，要注意不同此的语气程度。

短语学习

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turn out…（表示结果）结果是, 原来是（经常表示结果出乎意料）

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1> turn out (to be)+ n./adj.

-- The concert turned out to be a failure.

-- Our party turned out (to be) a success. 我们的聚会非常的成功。

-- The low-budget movie turned out to be a blockbuster. 那部低成本电影结果成了了票房冠军。

2> It turned out + that从句 （it作形式主语）

It turned out +其它名词从句

-- It turned out that the diamonds had been in the bank all the time.

原来钻石一直都在银行里保存着。

-- It turned out that his statement was fal. 原来他的话是假的。

3> as it turns out… 后来人们发现…

-- As it turned out, there was no need to worry. 后来人们发现, 没有必要担心。

-- As it turned out, the report was mistaken. 后来人们发现, 报告被弄错了

【注】此句型暗含最后的结果与此前的推测、看法、预计不一样。

句式句法

The Eiffel Tower stands 300 meters high.

A bunch of flowers were sitting on my desk.

The bicycle rested against the wall.

2-10身穿一条拖地长裙，

She was wearing a full-length skirt {which swept the ground}.

生词学习

full-length adj.（裙衣）拖地长的, 全长的, 全身的

a full-length dress 长裙

full-length mirror; full-length photograph

补充：词汇学 full-

full-grown adj.生长完全的, 发育完全的

full-time job 全职工作

full-dress welcome 热烈欢迎

full-scale war 大规模的战争

固定搭配

拖地长裙：a full-length skirt which swept the ground

（补充： full-length dress;）

2-11尽管上了年纪，但体态确实优美。不过，考古工作者至今未能确定这位女神的身份。

Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the

archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.

生词学习

graceful adj.优雅的

a graceful lady

补充：近义表达

elegant adj. 优雅的（举止）

-- an elegant gentleman. 举止文雅的绅士

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identity n. 身份

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Identity card (ID card) 身份证

A n of identity = a n of belonging 归属感

句式句法

Despite = in spite of （两者都是介词），后面+ 名词/动名词

Despite her great age, “尽管她年纪很大”

=Although she was rather old,

【注】上下句之间的逻辑关系没必要一定用“连词+句子”的模式，也可以收集一些表示各种逻辑关系的介词（短语），用“介词+名词（短语）”的模式，可以使句子表达更加简洁。比如：

表示转折的连词：though; although; but; yet

表示转折的副词：however; nevertheless; on the contrary; yet

表示转折的介词： despite; in spite of

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so far, up to now “到目前为止” 完成时的标志

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