初中英语名词讲义

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梅园中学八年级英语资料

名词讲义

一、名词的类别

英语中名词可以分为四类：

普通名词：dog狗man男人table桌子

专有名词：France法兰西Mrs Smith史密斯夫人 Tom汤姆

抽象名词：beauty美丽 charity慈善courage勇气 fear恐惧joy快乐

集合名词：crowd人群group组swarm大群team队

二、名词的复数形式

A、名词复数的规则变化

情况 构成方法 例词

一般情况 加 -s map-maps

以s,sh,ch, x等结尾的词 加 -es box-boxes，watch-watches

以辅音字母+y结尾的词 变y 为i再加es baby-babies，country-countries

B、其它名词复数的规则变化

1) 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数：

如：two Marys，the Henrys，boy-boys，day-days，donkey-donkeys，monkey-monkeys

比较： 层楼：storey ---storeys story---stories

2) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：

有生命的加es,没生命的加s

3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：

a. 加s，如：belief-beliefs，roof-roofs，safe-safes；

b. 去f,fe 加ves：The thief’s wife killed three wolves on the shelf with some leaves and knives

in half of her life.（thief wife life knife wolf half leaf shelf）

c. 均可，如：hoof（蹄），scarf（围巾）wharf（码头），handkerchief，neckerchief

C、名词复数的不规则变化

1）child-children，mou-mice ,foot-feet，tooth-teeth，，goo-gee，man-men，woman-women

见oo 变 ee 男人女人a变e

注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。

如： an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；

Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。

2）单复同形，如：deer，sheep，fish，Chine，Japane，中国独有的度量衡和货币单位

但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：two dollars，two meters

3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。

如：people，police，cattle等本身就是复数，不能说a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a

person，a policeman，a head of cattle

The +国籍（形容词），表示国民总称时，作复数用。如：The Chine are industries and brave.

中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

4）集合名词，如crew，family，team等用单数或复数动词都可以。当这个词表示的是一个

群体或单位，可用单数动词：当它表示的是这个队的所有成员，就用复数动词。

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5）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：

a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。

b. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。

6) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glass (眼镜) trours, clothes

若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair(对，双);suit(套); a pair of glass; two pairs of trours

E、复合名词的复数形式

1）通常是把最后一个词变成复数形式：

boy-friends男朋友，break－ins入室盗窃

如man和woman位于复合名词的第一部分，两部分都要变成复数：

men drivers男司机 ，women drivers女司机

2）由动词+er构成的名词+副词组成的复合名词构成复数形式时，只需把第一个词变为复数：

hangers-on食客，奉承者，lookers-on旁观者，runners-up（在赛跑中）第二的人，亚军

3） 首字母缩写词也可有复数形式：

VIPs（very important persons）贵宾，UFOs（unidentified flying objects）不明飞行物

三、不可数名词

A、各种物质的统称：

bread面包，beer啤酒，cloth布，coffee咖啡，cream奶油，glass玻璃，

B、抽象名词：

advice忠告／主意，beauty美丽，漂亮， help帮助，hope希望，information信息，

C、在英文中下列名词也是不可数名词：

baggage行李，camping露营，damage损害，furniture家具，luggage 行李，

parking停车，shopping购物，weather气候

D、不可数名词没有复数形式，不能和a／an一起连用：

He has had no experience in this sort of work．他干这种活没经验。

（experience指某人的经历时是可数名词：

He had an exciting experience／some exciting experiences last week．

上星期他有一次／一些激动人心的经历。）

★work指职业／就业／工作时是不可数名词：

He is looking for work／for a job．他在求职／找一份工作。

works（只有复数形式）可意为“工厂”或“机器的运转部分”。

works（通常用复数形式）指文学或音乐作品：Shakespeare’s complete works莎士比亚全集

E、不可数名词前往往加some（一些），any（任何），no（没有），a little（少许）等词，或

用于 数词+量词 of +不可数名词结构：

a piece of advice一条忠告，two bottles of water 两瓶水

★可数名词也可以使用这种结构：数词+量词 of +可数名词的复数

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四、名词的所有格形式

分类 规则 例词

the girl's mother 那个女孩的妈妈

单数名词在末尾加's

Want Mei's ruler王梅的尺子

’s

所

以s结尾的可数名词复数，

在末尾加's

以s结尾的人名，在末尾加Dickens's / Dickens' novels狄更斯的小

's或是’ 说

表示各自的所有关系，各名

词末尾均须加's

表示共同所有关系时，最后

一词末尾加's

表示“某人家”、“某店铺”，

所有格后的名词省略

of

“名词+of+名词”构成 the window of the room这个房间的窗户

Teachers' Day 教师节

the students'books学生们的书

Lucy's and Lily's bikes

露西和莉莉的自行车

luck and Lily's bedroom

露西和莉莉的卧室

my uncle's我叔叔家

the butcher's 肉店

the life of the rich 有钱人的生活 of所有格

有

格

所有格

双重

在同一名词词组中同时具a friend of my father's我爸爸的一个朋

备's以及of两种所有格 友

所有格

练习题

( )1. I don’t think looking after children is just ___ work.

A. woman B. woman’s C. women D. women's （2010年河北省）

( )2. – I’m going camping this weekend. What should I take？

- You can take a ____ to read.

A. radio B. suitca C. magzine r

( )3. More than 100 _________ will join this meeting in Shanghai.

A. man teachers B. woman teachers

C. men teachers D. womans teachers （2010攀枝花）

( )4 It was very difficult for me to make abut I decided to leave my job

A suggestion B decision C plan D speech （2010河南省）

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( )5. -What ______ do you have for Paul?

-I think he should study harder than before.

A. news B. advice C. help D. information （2010江西省）

( )6. It’s hot. Let’s have some ______. .

A. pears B. porridge C. ice cream D. strawberries （2010东营市）

( )7. –How far is it from the bus station to the hotel?

--It’s about _______ walk.

A. ten minute’s B. ten–minutes C. ten minutes’ D. ten minutes（2010东营市）

( )8. Sandy didn’t tell her parents that she was going home becau she wanted to give them a

_______.

A. gift B. call C. surpri D. note （2010江苏省宿迁市）

( )9. -- Could you tell me something about the boy who helped you just now?

-- Sorry, I know nothing about him. We are______.

A. friends B. neighbors C. classmates D. strangers （ 2010安徽省）

( )10. – Good news. We will have a ___ holiday.

A. three days B. three day’s C. three- daysD. three- day

( )11．--What’s your job， Henry？

--I’m a_______． I work late． I’m very busy when people go out to dinners．

A． waiter B． reporter C． teacher D． nur （2010襄樊市）

( )12．I'm not sure about the meaning of the word. You'd better look it up in a ____ ．

A．letter B．dictionary C．postcard D．notice （2010辽宁沈阳）

( )1 3．—Who computer doesn't work?

— ____ ，I think．

A．John has B．John does C．John D．John's （2010辽宁沈阳）

( )14. －How many ______can you e in the picture?

－Only one.

A. dog B. boat C. children D ice

( )15.—Can I help you?

—I’d like ____________ for my twin daughters.

A. two pair of shoes B. two pairs of shoe

C. two pair of shoe D. two pairs of shoes （2010山东滨州）

( )16. —Excu me. How far is the post office from here?

—It’s about _______walk.

A. ten minute B. ten minutes C. ten minutes’ （2010福建龙岩）

( )17. —Would you like some drinks, boys?

—Yes, ____ , plea.

A. some oranges B. two boxes of chocolate

C. some cakes D. two boxes of cola （2010四川眉山）

( )18. When I was a student, I liked to sit in the front of the classroom so that I could e the

words more clearly on the _______.

A. blackboard B. desk C. dictionary D. postcard （2010四川宜宾）

( ) 19. I saw many ____________ eating grass on the hill.

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A. hor B. cow C. rabbit D. sheep （2010浙江东阳）

( )20. Plea pick up the _______. Don’t keep it on the floor.

A. water B. paper C. books D. bottles （2010菏泽市）

( )21. Liu Xiang didn’t win the_____hurdles（跨栏）.

A.110-meter B.110-meters C.110 meter （2010四川巴中）

( )22. — I hear you have to run for half an hour every day.

— Right. It is one of the ______ in my school.

sts B. plans C. hobbies D. rules （2010湖北咸宁）

( )23. Mr. Li looks Ningxia as his cond_______.

A. family B. hou C. room D. home （2010宁夏回族自治区）

( )24．There are ________ people in the supermarket. It's so crowded.

A．hundred B．hundreds C．hundred of D．hundreds of （2010山东莱芜）

( )25. —How far is your home from school? —It’s about two ______ walk.

A. hour’s B. hours C. hours’ D. hour（2010广安市）

( )26. —Which is the cond day of a week? —______, of cour.

A. Monday B. Tuesday C. Wednesday D. Sunday（2010广安市）

( )27 ______ trees are near here, so the air is very fresh(新鲜).

A. Two hundreds B. Hundred of C. Hundreds of D. Hundreds

（2010达州市）

( )28. The pants I bought last year are too small now. I think I need a new ______.

A .belt B. pair C. shirt D. ring

( )29. Mike: I always forget what I want to buy when I go to the market.

Oscar: Well, you can make a ______ of things you want to buy.

A. habit B. list C. box D. wish （2010台湾省）

( )30. ——What’s your_______?

——I like swimming.

A. job B. age C. hobby D. number （2010甘肃定西）

( )31. _______girls took part in the Happy Girl Competition but only few of them succeeded.

A. Thousand of B. Many thousand of C. One thousand of D. Thousand s of

B. （2010甘肃定西）

( )32.——What would you like，sir?

——_______.

A. Two orange B. Two bottles orange C. Two bottles of orange D. Two bottle of

orange （2010甘肃定西）

( )33. My friends nt me many short____ with best wishes for my birthday.

A. news B. information C. preents D. suggestions （2010云南大理）

( )34 . – Would you like more _______ ?

-No, thank you . I’m not hungry at all.

A. water B. books C. clothes D. bread （2010浙江湖州）

( )35． There will be ____ for the first time in the near future in Kunming.

A. bus B. cars C. subways D. trains （2010昆明市）

( )36. After ____ practice , Xu Song is a famoussinger now.

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A. so many year B. so many years C. so many year’s D. so many years’

( )37. _______ people went to the concert which in People’s Square ____ the night of May

Day. （2010乌鲁木齐）

A. Thousands of; in B. Thousand; on C. Many thousand; in D. Thousands of ; on

( )38. – Wow, so many beautiful cars I don’t know which one to buy.

- However, you have to make a _____ .

A. conclusion B. connection C. decision D. prentation （2010扬州市）

( )39. We have already enjoyed our _____ spring vacation in Chuxiong.

A. ten-day B. ten day C. ten day’s D. ten-days （2010云南楚雄）

( )40. My mother is the busiest in my____ , she does a lot of houwork everyday.

A. school B. library C. family D. park （2010新疆建设兵团）

( )41. Mr Green is hungry .Give him ____ to eat.

A. a bottle of water B. some juice

C. three pieces of bread D. some salt （2010新疆建设兵团）

( )42. If you work hard, you’ll get good _______ .

A. grades B. notes C. lesns D. answers （2010天津市）

( )43. Becau of Project Hope(希望工程), ______ children have better lives（生活）.

A. thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of （2010天津市）

( )44. I like _____ a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways.

A. fish B. potatoes C. noodlesD. sandwiches （2010山西省）

( )45. – Plea write down the telephone number.

- Sorry, but I have no ___ to write on.

A. pen B. pencil C. paperD. salt （2010黑龙江绥化）

( )46. Plea remember to give the hor some tree_____.

（2010四川）

( )47. Can you imagine what life will be like in ________ time?（2008 河北省）

A. 20 years’ B. 20 year’s C. 20-years’ D. 20-years

( )48. This is a ________ bike. ________ is over there.（2008 青海省）

A. visitor’s; My B. visitor’s; Mine C. visitor; My

( )49. Wang Tao is ill, so he has to go to the ________ .

A. doctor B. doctors’ C. doctor’s D. doctor’

( )50. This is ________ , and I borrowed it two days ago.

A. a picture of Mr. Cox B. a picture of Mr. Cox’s

C. a Mr. Cox’ picture D. Mr. Cox’s pictures

( )51. The are ________ books. Li Ming bought some at this bookstore and Brain bought

some at that bookstore.

A. Li Ming’s and Brain B. Li Ming and Brain’s

C. Li Ming’s and Brain D. Li Ming’s and Brain’s

( )52. He is ________ .

A. one student of my mother B. one of my mother’s student

C. my mother’s students D. one student of my mother’s

( )53. It’s about ________ from my home to our school.

A. thirty minutes’ walk B. walk of thirty minutes’

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C. walk of thirty minutes’ D. thirty minute’s walk

( )54. This year, the most popular ________ hat is that kind.

A. woman’s B. womens’ C. women’s D. womans’

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