Unit 4 What should you do

更新时间:2023-11-18 05:14:00 阅读: 评论:0


2023年11月18日发(作者:韩希孟)

Unit 4 What should you do?

虚拟语气

一、词的语气

指我们平常说的说话人说话的口气。(在英语中,语

气除了指语调以外,最主要的是通过动词发生变化而

表示不同语气)

英语中的语气分为三类:

陈述语气(用于陈述句、疑问句、感叹句)

祈使语气(用于祈使句)

虚拟语气(用于条件状语从句、宾语从句等)

二、虚拟语气

如果所说的不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、建议或

是一种实现不了的空想,就用虚拟语气。

三、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法

1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句

eg If he doesnt hurry up, he will miss the

bus.( 真实条件状语)

If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.(真

实条件状语)

If I were you, I would go at once.(非真实条件

状语从句)

If there was no air, people would die.(非真实

条件状语从句)

2、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词

形式

表示与现在事实相反的情况

(条件)从句谓语动主句谓语动词形式

词形式

谓语动词用过去式should/would/could/might+

bewere 动词原形

egIf I were you, Id take an umbrella.

如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)

If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.

如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:

不知道)

If there were no air or water, there would be no

living things on the earth.

如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:

地球上既有空气也有水)

If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.

如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些。(事实:没带钱)

If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.

如果他在努力些,就能通过考试了。(事实:学习不

用功)

②表示与过去事实相反的情况

从句谓语动词形主句谓语动词形式

Had+过去分词 Should/would/could/might+have+

过去分词

eg If I had got there earlier, I should/could

have met her.

如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)

If he had taken my advice, he would not have

made such a mistake.

如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。

(事实:没有听我的话)

③表示对将来情况的主观推测(可能相反或可能性

从句 例句 主句

If it rained

were tomorrow our

If+主语 picnic would be should/would

did put off. do

万一那天下雨,我主句 might

were to do 们的郊游 /could

示时间状语连用)

were to do

可能性最小,

(①通常与一个表就推迟。

should+动词原形。

eg: If he would come here tomorrow, I

should/would talk to him.

如果他哪天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:

来的可能性很小)

If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would

not go skating.

如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了,(事实:

不知能否下雪)

If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell

her about the matter.

如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事得始

末。

四、虚拟语气的其他用法

1、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句

a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式

eg: I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样

的头脑。(事实:我根本比不上你)

b、表示过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词:had+PP

eg: I wish I had known the truth of the matter.

我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。(事实:原来不知

道)

c、表示将来难以实现的愿望

谓语动词:should/would + 动词原形

eg: I wish I should have a chance again.

(事实:很难再有这样的机会了)

②虚拟语气用在suggest(建议)insist(坚持)

demand(要求)order(命令)等动词后的宾语从句中。

在这种用法中,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句

的谓语动词都用:should + 动词原形”或只用“动

词原形”。

He suggested

He insisted

He demanded that we (should) take the

teachers advice

He ordered

二、句子详解

2. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 I pretended to

sleep just now.

pretend +从句 假装„ I pretended that I fell

asleep.

3. be late for 迟到 如:I am late for work/

school/ class/ party.

4. a few a little 的区别,few little

区别

a few 一些 修饰可数名词

a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 两者表肯定意义

如:He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。

There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子

里有一些糖。

few 少数的 修饰可数名词

little 少数的 修饰不可数名词 但两者表否定意

如:He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。

There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没

有多少糖。

a little = a bit 修饰形容词、副词

a little = a bit of 修饰不可数名词

5. still 仍然, 用在be动词之后,行为动词之前

如:I am still a student.我仍然是个学生

I still love him.我仍然爱他。

6. hundred thousandmi11ion与数字连用不能用

复数。

hundreds ofthousands ofmi11ions of中必须用

复数,前面不能有具体数字。

7. what if + 从句 如果„怎么办 要是„ 又怎

么样

如:What if she doesnt come? 要是她不来怎么

办?

What if LiLei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎么办?

8. add sth. to sth. 添加„到„

如:I added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到

水里。

9. 系动词与形容词连用

get nervous 变得紧张feel shy 觉得害羞 look

friendly 看起来友好

10. too +/+to do sth. 太„而不能

如:Im too tired to stand. 我太累了而不能站。

11. help with sth. 如:They help with this problem.

help sb.to do. 如:They help you relax.

们帮助你放松

12. in public 在公共场所

:Dont smoke in public. 请不要在公共场所吸

烟。

13. energetic adj. 活力的

如:She is an energetic girl. 她是一个活力的女

孩。

energy n. 活力, 如:She has lots of energies.

有活力。

14. ask sb. to do 叫„做某事

ask sb. not to do sth.叫„不要做某事

tell sb. to do 告诉„做某事

tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉„不要做某事

如:Teacher asked me to clean the classroom.

Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom.

15. start doing == start to do. 开始做某事

如:He started speaking/ to speak. 他开始说话。

16. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借来某物

如:I borrowed a book from Lily. 我从莉莉那里

借来一本书。

for sb.等某人 如:I am wait for him.

正在等他。

18. introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人

如:I introduced Lily to Anna. 我把莉莉介绍给

安娜。

19. invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事

如:Lily invited me to go to her home for supper.

莉莉邀请我去她家吃晚饭。

20. have dinner/ supper 吃晚饭 have lunch/

breakfast 吃午餐、吃早餐

21. plenty of 修饰不可数名词,也可以修饰可数名

许多

如:They have plenty of food/ apples. 他们有

许多的食物/苹果。

22. give sb sth=give sth to sb

类似的词还有:passlendshowwritend

buy sb sth=buy sth for sb

类似的词还有:makedrawcook

23. get along (with)=get on (with)

①进行,进展 eg The business is getting along

very well. 生意进展的很顺利。

How are you getting along with your English

study? 你的英语学习进展的怎么样了?

②相处

eg Do you get along with your boss?= Do you and

your boss get along?

你跟老板合得来吗?

Im getting along very well with my classmates.

我和同学们相处得很好。

rather than = would rather

than)宁愿,而不愿。

前后连接两个动词原形,否定形式为:would rather

not do sth

would rather than = prefer to

prefer to 若连接两个动词,动词应为

v-ing 形式。

eg He would rather jog than play football.

=He prefers jogging to playing football.

would rather 常单独使用,表示“宁愿做„”

eg He would rather watch TV at home.

rather than = instead of 而不是

连接两个并列成分,前后对称。

eg Id prefer to go to in summer rather than in

winter.

I decided to write rather than telephone.

I like going out with you rather than with him.

She enjoys listening rather than speaking.

sb. down 让某人失望

如:Dont let your mother down. 不要让你的妈

妈失望。

up with sth. 提出 想出

如:He came up with a good idea. 他提出了一个

好主意。

catch up with sb. 追上 赶上

如:Lily caught up with Anna. 莉莉赶上了安娜。

27. have experience doing 在做某事方面有经验

如:I have experience teaching Chine. 我在教

英语方面有经验。

28. come out 出版,出来

如:The magazine comes out once a week. 这种杂

志每周出版一次。

29. by accident 偶然地,无意之中

如:Last week I cut my finger by accident.

个星期我不小心割到自己的手指。

30. hurry to do 匆忙„ I hurry to call the police.

31. more than 超过

32. offer sb. sth. 给某人提供某物

33. look for寻找 find找到、发现

find out指经过观察、探索、调查等弄清楚、弄明白。

discover 指发现那些客观存在而不为人所知的实

情。如科学上的重大发现。

34. bring 带来 take 带走 fetch 去并拿来

35. talk to/with sb 同××说话。

tell 告诉, 分辨,辨别。

speak to sb 同××说话,做及物动词,后跟语言。

say 后跟名词、代词及宾语从句做宾语,着重强调说

话内容。

36. food 表示食品种类,一种食物时,为可数名词

eg fried foods 油炸食品 break foods 早餐食品

frozen foods 冷冻食品

37. 复数名词可表示一类食品(如 dogs

a/an+单数可数名词可表示一类(如 a dog

ent(adj.) confidence(n.)

does/do ×× look like? 问相貌。

Whats ×× like? 问“品质性格”。

40. give a speech 做演讲 have a speech听演讲

give a report 做报告 have a report 听报告

41. permission (n.) 允许,许可 permit (v.)

允许

of 充足的,相当多的。修饰可数或不可

数名词,只能用于肯定句。

否定、疑问句中用 enough.

„„in the slightest=not„„at all 根本

heretheredownstairsupstairs

abovebelow

做宾语修饰名词,放在名词之后

eg the weather today今天的天气 people here

里的人们

the man downstairs楼下的那个男的 the passage

below 下面的这段话

is an English speech contest next month

用一般现在时表示将来,表示计划或安排好的动作,

或者日历、时刻表的规定内容。

rest 其余的,可指代可数或不可数名词。The

other(s) 只能指代可数名词

Unit 4 What should you do?

一、短语

1give it to charity 把它捐给慈善机构

2medical rearch 医学研究

3What if „„ 如果„怎么样?

4get nervous 紧张

5take a big exam 参加大考

6help with 有助于

7in public 在公共场合

8hardly ever 几乎不

9the whole school 全校

10without permission 未经许可

11be(make) friends with 与„交朋友

12ask ones permission 请求××的允许

13introduceto 把„介绍给„

14inviteto do 邀请„干„

15social situations 社会环境

16not in the slightest 根本不,一点也

17right away 立刻,马上

18all day 全天

19be friendly to 对„友好

20at lunch time 在午饭时间

21a bit shy 有点害羞

22English speech contest 英语演讲比赛

23reprent the class 代表班级

24come top 名列第一(前茅)

25let down 使„失望

26come up with 提出、想出

27be sure of + n./pron.

be sure to do 相信„

be sure +that 从句

28the rest of the students 其余的学生

29have a lot of experience (in) doing sth

做某事方面有经验

30deal with 对付,处理

31come out 出版

32give advice on 在„方面提出意见、建议

33by accident 偶然地,无意之中

34hurry to do sth 匆匆忙忙干„

35an internet friend 网友

二、句子

1He doesnt know if he should bring a prent.

他不知道是否该带礼物。

2You shouldnt worry about what other people

say.你不应该考虑别人说什么。

3What will you do if you had a million dollars?

如果你有一百万美元,你会干什么?

4If I were you, I d take a small prent.

如果我是你,我会带一个小礼物。

5Im too tired to do well.我太累了,没考好。

6Dogs can be a lot of trouble.狗会带来很多麻

烦。

7What are you like? 你是什么样的人?

8Id invite him/her to have dinner at my hou.

我会邀请他(她)到我家吃饭。

9You enjoy the company of other people.你喜

欢别人的陪伴。

10I feel nervous talking in front of many people.

我在众人面前讲话时感到紧张。

11She always comes top in the school exams.

她在学校的考试中总是名列前茅。

12She doesnt want to let her friends down.

她不愿让朋友失望。

13If I were you, Ill get out of here.如果

我是你,我会离开这里。

宾语从句:宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。

①由连接词+ 主语+ 谓语 构成

常由下面的一些词引导:

②由that 引导 表示陈述意义 that 可省略

He says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。

③由if , whether 引导 表示 一般疑问意义(

有是否、已否、对否等)

I dont know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish.

我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。

④由连接代词、连接副词(疑问词) 引导 表示特殊

疑问意义

Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想

要买什么吗?

⑤从句时态要与主句一致

﹡当主句是一般现在时,从句根据情况使用任何时

He says (that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里。

I dont know (that) she is singing now.

不知道她正在唱歌。

She wants to know if I have finished my

homework.

她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。

Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他

将会什么时候回来?

﹡当主句是一般过去时,从句应使用过去某时态

(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完

成时)

He said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家

里。

I didnt know that she was singing now.

不知道她正在唱歌。

She wanted to know if I had finished m

homework.

她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。

Did you know when he would be back? 你知道

他将会什么时候回来?


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