四种完成时态

四种完成时态

▲ 完成时态的构成

句型 主系表 主谓宾

时态

have (has) been have (has) done

现在完成

had been had done

过去完成

will have been will have done

将来完成

过去将来完成

would have been would have done

▲ 现在完成时态的基本用法

1. 表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。

应该明确现在完成时态属于现在时态的范畴。它所强调的不是过去

发生的动作，而是对现在产生的结果和影响。否则用一般过去时态就够

了。请看下面的对话。

● A－We will nd some one to America.

我们要派一个人去美国。

B－I have been there.

= I was there and I know the country very well. Would you nd

me there?

C－I have not been there.

= I didn’t go to America. It is my turn.

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上面对话的前提是大家都抢着去美国。所以B用现在完成时态是想

说明自己有经验，派他去好。而C用现在完成时态是说自己没去过，轮

也该轮到他了。两句都是强调对现在产生的影响。反过来，如果大家现

在的目的不同，“对现在的影响”也可以不同。

Did you have lunch?

Have you had lunch?

Did you study English?

Have you studied English?

Laochang died?

Laochang has died

Who was here?

Who has been here?

Have you done your homework

2. 表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。

通常用于持续性较强的动词，例如：live, study, wait for, be等等，并

且常常与since, for连用，since给出的是过去的一个时间点，如since

1958, 而for往往给出的是一个时间段，如for three years。

● He has studied English for eight years.

● Since 1980, they have known each other.

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注：完成时态表示延续的用法不可跟非延续动词连用，如：die, go, leave,

receive等。请看下面例句：

His father has died for three years.

● His father has been dead for three years.

第一句是错的。“死”这个动作不可能延续。但一种状态却可以延

续。第二句用主系表句型是对的。

▲ 过去完成时态，将来完成时态和过去将来完成时态

学习完成时态应注意，所有完成时态在“态”的概念上是一样的，

现在完成时态、过去完成时态、将来完成时态、过去将来完成时态所不

同的只是时间上的概念。所以我们只要掌握现在完成时态，然后在时间

上向过去推便是过去完成时态，向将来推便是将来完成时态。

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3完成时态在主从句中的用法

完成时态除上面讲到的两种基本用法之外，在主从句中通常可以用

来表示主句与从句动作发生的先后次序。

● Do you know he has finished his homework?

现在完成时态“has finished”表示发生在一般现在时态“know”之前。

● I heard he had bought a new car.

过去完成时态“had bought”表示发生在过去时态“heard”之前。

现在完成时态“have had supper”强调吃过饭之后，即强调从句动

作发生在主句之前。从上面几个例句可以看出，在主从句中现在完成时

态往往表示发生在另一个现在时态的动作之前，而过去完成时态则表示

发生在另一个过去时态的动作之前。请注意下面的例句：

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以上简单地介绍了在主从句中完成时态的用法。请同学们在做练习

时多加注意。

一、完成下列句子。

1. He said （他从未去过西藏Tibet）.

2. （他从未给我写过信）since he left Beijing.

3. He said （他下月底就不用我的照相机了

camera）.

4. I hope （雨会在明天中午前停下来）.

5. By the end of that year （他已集了一千多张中

国邮票）.

6. I really don’t know （他是否已经到了实验室

laboratory）.

7. The boy knows that he must be braver and firmer

（在他经历了这样的事情之后）.

8. I could not remember whether （他已经付了字

典钱）.

9. I’m afraid I （到时还没有找到正确的答案）.

10. Don’t worry. Before I get home I （就会把这件

事全忘光的）.

二、完成下列句子。

1．He said that （他从未去过

he had never been to Tibet.

西藏Tibet）.

2． He hasn’t written to me

（他从未给我写过信）since he

left Beijing.

3．He said that

he would have done with (have ud) my

camera by the end of next month.

（他下月底就不用我

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的照相机了camera）.

4．I hope that

the rain will have stopped by tomorrow

noon.

（雨会在明天中午前停下来）.

5． By the end of that year

he had collected more than a

thousand Chine stamps.

（他已集了一千多张中国邮

票）.

6．I really don’t know

whether he has got to the

laboratory or not.

他是否已经到了实验室laboratory）.

7．The boy knows that he must be braver and firmer

after

he has experienced such a thing.

（在他经历了这样的

事情之后）. Has gone through

8． I could not remember whether

he had paid for the

dictionary.

（他已经付了字典钱）

9．I’m afraid I

won’t have got the correct answer by then.

（到时还没有找到正确的答案）.

10. Don’t worry. Before I get home I

will have forgotten all

about the matter.

（就会把这件事全忘光的）.

三、完成下列句子。

1. He said （他从未去过西藏Tibet）.

2. （他从未给我写过信）since he left Beijing.

3. He said （他下月底就不用我的照相机了camera）.

4. I hope （雨会在明天中午前停下来）.

5. By the end of that year （他已集了一千多张中国邮

票）.

6. I really don’t know （他是否已经到了实验室

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laboratory）.

7. The boy knows that he must be braver and firmer （在

他经历了这样的事情之后）.

8. I could not remember whether （他已经付了字典

钱）.

9. I’m afraid I （到时还没有找到正确的答案）.

10. Don’t worry. Before I get home I （就会把这件事全

忘光的）.

二、 时态选择。

1. — he start at once or wait for a while?

—Let him start at once.

A．Will B．Would C．Does D．Shall

2. I can’t tell you if it tomorrow.

A．will rain B．rains C．shall rain D．does rain

3. Did you watch the play on CCTV 1 last night? It was really good.

—No, I didn't._____?

—“Tea Hou”.

A. What was it B. What's on

C. What was it about D. How about it

4. —Can you give me the right answer?

—Sorry, I _______．Would you repeat that question?

A．hadn’ t listened B．haven’t listened

C．don’t listen D．wasn’t listening

5. I promid to get there before 5 o’clock, but now the rain is pouring

down．They _______ for me impatiently．

A．may wait B．ought to wait

C．could wait D．must be waiting

1. —Haven't en you for ages! Do you still work in Fuzhou?

—_____.It's two years since I worked there.

A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I do

C. No, I haven't D. No, I don't

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6. —You are talking too much.

—Only at home. No one ______ me but you.

A. is hearing B. had heard C. hears D. heard

7. I wonder why Jenny ________us recently. We should have heard from

her by now.

A. hasn't written B. doesn't write

C. won't write D. hadn't written

8. I didn't like aunt Lucy, who _____without warning and prenting

A. always turned up B. has always turned up

C. was always turned up D. was always turning up

9. —Has Tommy finished his homework yet?

—I have no idea; he it this morning.

A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did

10. The little girl ______ her heart out becau she ______ her toy bear and

believed she wasn’t ever going to find it.

A. had cried; lost B. cried; had lost

C. has cried; has lost D. cries; has lost

11. —Hey, look where you are going?

—Oh, I’m terribly sorry_____________.

A. I’m not noticing B. I wasn’t noticing

C. I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice

12. —Do you know your town at all?

—No, this is the first time I _______ here.

A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming

13. I’m sorry to keep you waiting.

--Oh, not at all. I ___________ here only a few minutes.

A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be

14. —__________ my glass?

— Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.

A. Do you e B. Had you en

C. Would you e D. Have you en

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15. You don’t need to describe her. I ______ her veral times.

A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet

16. —Who is Jerry Cooper?

— ________ ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.

A. Don’t you meet him yet B. Hadn’t you met him yet

C. Didn’t you meet him yet D. Haven’t you met him yet

17. Helen ______ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband

_____ home.

A. has left; come B. left; had come

C. had left; came D. left; came

18. How long ________ each other before they _____ married?

— For about a year.

A. have they known; get

B. did they know; were going to get

C. do they know; are going to get

D. had they known; got

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