现在完成时态用法全面总结(个人原创绝对好用)

现在完成时态用法全面总结（个人原创绝对好用）

现在完成时用法小结

一、现在完成时的构成：

助动词have（has）+ 过去分词

否定式have（has）not+ 过去分词

疑问式：havehas not+主语+过去分词；havehas +主

+not+过去分词

二、现在完成时态的用法

1、表示开始于过去的动作一直持续到现在，而且还可能继续持续

下去。这时，谓语动词一般为延续性动词。

例如：I have been a teacher for 5 yearssince 5 years ago.

（五年前是个时间点。一直持续到现在的的状态，一直在做老师，以

后还是老师。）

They have lived here for 7 years.（第一层含义，到说话这一刻，

一直住在这里，这是一个持续状态。第二层含义，如果他们正在搬家

时候说这句话，则说明live这一事实

不再持续，到此为止，他们可能要搬去别处住。）

◆这一用法的特点：谓语动词为延续性动词；动作发生在过去，持

续到现在，并有可能继

续下去；和“一段时间”的状语连用。

●since+时间段：I have worked in this place since 1990.

I have lived in Xi’an since I left schoolsince 5 years ago

●for+ 时间点: I have worked in this place for 20 years.

I have lived in Xi’an for 5 years ago.

“到目前为止…”：until now, ,up to tilluntil now,so far

Until now,I have been a monitor for 3 years.(放在句末亦可)

Our country has until now, ,up to tilluntil now,so far

Won 20 golden medals.

●“在最近几个世纪、年、月以来……”in over during the

past few years,for the last

few century,through centuries,throughout the past decades.

For the last few decades, great changes have taken place in

Beijing.

2.表示过去某时发生或完成的某一动作，谓语动词是短暂性动词

(对现在造成的影响或结果)。

（这一用法对中国学生来说是比较难理解的一种，因为它使用的

是短暂性动词和一般过去时态有着比较容易混淆的关系。）

例如：

（1）I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。

（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服

干净了”）

（2）He has broken his leg.他的腿跌断了。（言外之意：现在

也许在医院，可能不能参加郊游或者集体活动什么的了）

He broke his leg.他过去摔伤过腿。(单纯表示跌断过腿。一种过

去的经历，现在腿是好的。) 注意，现在完成时态不能与明确指出时间

的状语连用，比如yesterday,last year,3 days ago.但是可以与不明确

表示时间的状语连用。与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：already （”

已经”用于肯定句的中间和末尾处）He has already arrived.

often（常常，经常）I have often thought that I were a bird.

never (“从不”“从未发生过”用于中间处)I have never en

such a good movie. ever （”曾经”用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处）

She has ever done this.

just (“刚刚”用于中间处)

--Would you like something to eat?

--No,thanks.I have just had dinner.

yet (“已经”用于疑问句的句末/ “还”用于否定句的句末)

Has he arrived yet?No,he hasn’t.

I have not returned the book yet..

由于这一用法中的谓语动词通常是短暂动词（即动作在短时间或

者瞬间终止不再延续），所以不能和“sincefor+一段时间”连用.

这些短暂性动词有：come go leave kill die lo buy give marry join

bring heard

错例：Mary has bought a new backpack since yesterday.(从

昨天起一直在买书包？)X

I have bought this backpack for a day.（买书包不可能买了一

天，难道一直在讨价还价，废寝忘食的讨价还价么？）X

正例：Mary has bought a new backpack.（现在用的是新书包）

Mary bought a new backpack yesterday.（昨天买的新书包，

买这一动作于昨天发生并结束，没有强调是否现在用着新书包这一感

情色彩，只陈述了昨天买书包这一事实）。

错例：I have left my home for 3days.（离开这一动作发生了三

天吗？）

正例：I left my home 3 days ago.（我三天前离开家的。离开这

一动作三天前发生并结束了。）

I have been away home for 3 days..三天没在家了。

但是，短暂性动词的否定式可以用完成时，表示一种尚未发生的

持续的状态。

比如：I haven’t en a beautiful girl for a long time.

She h asn’t bought a pair of shoes since last year.

He hasn’t heard from his son since 2005.

三、现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较

现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表

示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在

过去并且有可能结束在过去。试比较：

例如：He lived in Beijing for 2 years and then moved to

Shanghai（曾在北京住过两年，后来搬去上海了）

He has lived in Beijing for 2 years.（在北京住了2年了，还可

能住下去或者不住下去，不得而知。除非你看到他正在搬家。）

My dad smoked for 2 years.（我爸爸抽过两年烟，现在戒了。

抽烟的习惯这一事件动作发生在过去结束在过去）

My dad has smoked for 2 years.(我爸爸已经有两年的抽烟史了，

现在仍然保佑抽烟这一习惯。)

I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年。

（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）

I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我

“现在已经不在这儿任教

了）

再利用一个对话对现在完成时态和一般过去时的区别进行一番感

受：

--Have you en the movie FINDING NEMO?（询问对这一电

影是否看过？强调的是对电影内容是否了解）

--Yes,I have.（已看过，知道内容是什么）

--When did you e it?（看电影的具体时间）

--I saw it last Sunday.（给出具体看电视的时间点是上周天）

--Did you e it alone?

--No,I saw it with my parents.(看的时间是一般过去时昨天看的

并且看这一动作已经结束在昨天)

练习：

I．翻译下列句子：

你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？

我刚刚丢了我的化学书。

我以前从来没去过那个农场。

他已经吃过午饭了。

你已经看过这部电影了吗？

我哥哥还没回来。

我上星期看过这部电影。

在1992年他住在这里。

II．用过去时或现在完成时填空：

1. “_________ you __________ (have) lunch ?”“Yes.”

“When ________ you __________ (have) it?”“I ____________

(have) it at 12:00.”

2. “_________ you __________ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”

“Yes, I ___________. I ________________ (write) one last week.”

3. “_________ he ___________ (finish) his homework?”“Not

yet.”

4. “_________ they ever __________ (be) abroad?”“Yes, just

once.”

5. Your father _________ just ___________ (finish) his work.

6. Your father _________ (finish) his work just now.

7. Last term I __________ (learn) many English words.

8. They ____________ (not read) the interesting books yet.

9. He _____________ never ____________ (go) to the science

muum.

10. ____________ you ever ____________ (drink) coke?

11. “____________ you _____________ (buy) a dictionary? ““Yes,

I __________ .”

“Where __________ you _____________ (buy) it?”“ I ___________

(buy) it in a bookstore.”

“When ___________ you _____________ (buy) it?”“ Yesterday.”

have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法

(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段

时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：

Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上

海已经有三天了。

此外还有这些搭配：have been here (there) /at home (school)

/on the farm / abroad。

(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里

了。可与just, ever, never等连用。

例如：I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。

Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。

Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？

have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次例如：

I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。

They have been to that village veral times. 他们去过那个村

庄好几次了。

(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在

去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人

称代词作句子的主语。

例如：----Where is Tom? ----He has gone to the bookshop.

汤姆在哪里？他到书店去了。

Jack has gone to London. 杰克到伦敦去了。

练习：

I. 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。

A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?

B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.

A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?

B: He _____________ there for three days.

A: When will he come back , do you know?

B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.

A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?

B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.

A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?

B: He _____________ there only once.

II. 用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填

空。

Where is Jack? He __________ his country.

David ________ the park just now.

John _______ England since he came back.

How long _____ have _____ this village?

The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.

_____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times.

I _____ this school since three years ago.

Where is Jim? He _____ the farm.

When_____ he _____? He _______ an hour ago.

Would you like to _____ the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _____

there before. Where _____ you _____ now? --- I ____ the zoo.

He often _____ swimming.

_____ you ______ there last year?

_____ they often ______ skating in winter?

III.翻译下列句子：

他已经来中国三年多了。

他们出国两个月了。

我从来没去过长城。

你曾经出过国吗？

他已经去图书馆了。

他来这儿五年了。

昨天他去了公园。

“你要去哪里？”“我要去学校。”

他常常去游泳。

综合练习:

I. 用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空

I have _______ en him before, so I have no idea about him.

Jack has _________ finished his homework ________ an hour ago.

我们已经认识有二十年了。

打那以后，她一直住在这。

“你曾经到过那里吗？”“不，我从来没到过那里。”

III. 用适当的时态填空：

’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.

of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.

of them ________________ (come) to Hongkong ten days

ago.

4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________

(leave).

5. Mary________(lo) her pen. ____________ you ______________

(e) it here and there?

6. _____________ you ____________ (find) your watch yet?

7. ---Are you thirsty?

---No I _________ just _____________ (have) some orange.

8. We _____________already ______________ (return) the book.

9. ___________ they ____________ (build) a new school in the

village?

10. I ________________(not finish) my homework . Can you help

me?

11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice.

12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.

13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.

14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday.

III．句型转换：

has already gone home.

He _________ __________ home ____________.(否定句) ____________

he __________ home ___________? (疑问句)

2. He has lunch at home.

He __________ _____________ lunch at home. (否定句)

____________ he __________ lunch at home? (疑问句)

3. He has been there twice. __________ __________ ________

__________ he been there? (划线提问)

4. I have lunch at school.

__________ __________ you ____________ lunch. (划线提问)

其他使用现在完成时的结构：

1、Thishatit is+the+序数词+名词+that+现在完成时态

例:This is the third time that I’ve come to Beijing.

It is the fifth cup of tea that I’ve drunk this evening.

2、Thishatit is+the+最高级或only修饰的名词+现在完成时

态

例：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.

That is the only job that he has done.

注意，如果is换成was，现在完成时则要换成过去完成时。

Since 和for 的用法

表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有：

for, since, how long, so far, the days等。

Since+过去点的时间，for+一段时间（数词+量词），此划线部

分用how long提问。

短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后的时间

为一点。

如：Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来，史

密斯先生一直在这工作。He’s learned about 5,000 English words

since he went to college.他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。

短语表示动作延续多长时间，for的宾语为时间段。如：

We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十

年了。

I haven’t en her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。

练习：用since和for填空

1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last

month 4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock 7)

______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago 9) _______ we were children

10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here

1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.

2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.

3. Our teacher has studied Japane _________ three years.

4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten

years.

5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.

2.短暂性转换延续性

①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.

→ be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there

He got to Beijing five minutes ago.

He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.

I moved to the USA last year.

I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.

I went home yesterday.

I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.

They came here last week.

They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.

②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out

④clo → be clod open → be open

The shop clod two hours ago.

The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.

The door opened at six in the morning.

The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.

⑤get up → be up die → be dead

leave sw. → be away from sw.

fall asleep/get tot sleep → be asleep

finish/end → be over marry → be married

I bought a pen two hours ago.

I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.

I got to know him last year.

I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.

I put on my glass three years ago.

I __________ __________ my glass for _________ _________.

⑧have/has gone to → have been in

He has gone to Beijing.

He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.

⑨join the league/the Party/the army

→ be a league/a Party member/a soldier

→ be a member of the league/the Party

→ be in the league/the Party/the army

He joined the league in 2002.

He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.

He ________ __________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for

two years.

He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two

years.

My brother joined the army two years ago.

My brother __________ __________ a ___________ for ___________

___________.

My brother ___________ ___________ in ____________ ___________

for two years. 3.汉译英

1）这本字典我已买了三年了。

2）他离开中国三年了。

3）我认识他们五年了。

4）他们已去了美国五年了。

5）自从他搬到福州，他就住这儿了。

6）他们已经结婚10年。

7）我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。

8）这会已开了多长时间了？

9）这门已经关了两天了。

10）我入团2年了。

I __________ ___________ ___________ two years ago.

I __________ ___________ a ___________ ___________ for two years.

I __________ ___________ a ___________ of __________ _________ for

two years.

I __________ ___________ ____________ the __________ for two years.

11）自从1999年以来他们就认识。

12）我来到农场已5年了。

4.划线提问

1) I have been there for two days.

__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________ ?

My father has lived here since 2000.

_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________?

He left here yesterday.