现在完成时态表示

时态讲解：现在完成时

（1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其

余用have.

现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、

疑问式和简单回答形式如下：

否定式 疑问式

I have not (haven’t) studied…. Have I studied…?

You have not (haven’t) studied…. Have you studied…?

He has not (hasn’t) studied…. Has he studied…?

否定疑问式 简单回答（肯定/否定）

Have I not (Haven’t I) studied…? Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.

Have you not (Haven’t you) studied…? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.

Has he not (Hasn’t he) studied…? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.

（2）用法：

1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结

果或影响。

My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。

I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。

She has arrived. 她到了。

2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just,

lately, for…, since…,yet等。如：

I haven’t heard from her the days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。

We haven’t en you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。

They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。

She has been with us since Monday.

★注意：

1）since和for的区别

since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there

for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。

Exerci: 用since和for填空

1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.

2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.

3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days.

4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock.

5. India has been an independent country ______1974.

6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes.

7. Nobody lives in tho hous. They have been empty ______ many years.

8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October.

1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since

2）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连

用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：

He has come here for 2 weeks. ×

The old man has died for 4 months. ×

They have left only for 5 minutes. ×

以上三句话可以改为：

He has been here for 2 weeks.

The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months.

They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes.

3）have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用

“have (has) gone”。试比较：

Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）

Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？（人不在）

They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大）

They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）.

4）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，

但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：

She has already come. 她已经来了。

I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。

I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。

Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。

I have often en him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。

They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。

I haven't en him lately. 我近来没看到他。

Ba Form Past Form Past Participle

bear bore born

beat beat beaten

become became become

blow blew blown

bring brought brought

build built built

buy bought bought

catch caught caught

choo cho chon

come came come

do did done

drink drank drunk

drive drove driven

eat ate eaten

fall fell fallen

find found found

fly flew flown

get got got

give gave given

go went gone

grow grew grown

have had had

hear heard heard

keep kept kept

leave left left

lo lost lost

make made made

put put put

read read read

run ran run

say said said

Irregular Verbs

e saw en

ll sold sold

nd nt nt

sing sang sung

sink sank/sunk sunk

take took taken

teach taught taught

write wrote wrote

am, is was been

are were been

Exerci:

I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.

1. I____ already ____ (e) the film. I ________ (e) it last week.

2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet.

3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.

4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.

5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.

7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.

6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.

8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework.

9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.

10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet?

11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.

12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in.

13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree.

14. My mother __________ (come) to e me next Sunday.

15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (e) it anywhere?

1. have, en, saw 2. Has, finished 3. has, come 4. has gone 5. have worked, moved 6. have made 7. have,

stayed 8. have, finished 9. goes 10. have, found 11. is 12. were reading 13. is climbing 14. is coming

15. Have, en

II. Choo the best answer.

1. How long have you _______ here?

A. come B. got C. arrived D. been

2. My grandpa died _________.

A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years

C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.

C. went A. been B. gone D. never been

4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her.

3. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.

D. thatA. after B. since C. for

5.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry?

--I will. I _____ her veral times.

A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet

6. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it?

--Just 2 weeks.

A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had

7.--Do you know Lydia very well?

--Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young.

A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned

8. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years.

A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live

9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?

-- Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park.

10. --____ you ever ____ to the US?

-- Yes, twice.

D. will go toA. has been to B. has gone to C. went to

A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going

III. Rewrite the ntences.

1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句)

I _________ _________ been to Macau before.

2. He hasn’t come to school becau he was ill. (就划线部分提问)

______ _______ he come to school?

3. I bough a new bike just now. (用just改写)

4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句)

5. He has never surfed, _______ _______? （改成反意疑问句）

6. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)

7. The old man _________ last year. He has _______ _______for a year. (die) （动词填空）

I ____ just ____ a new bike.

We ____ ____English ____three years

_______ _______have they been here?

8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)

Miss Gao has _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.

Ⅳ. Ask the questions

1) I have been there for two days.

__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________?

_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________?

2) My father has lived here since 2000.

3) He left here yesterday.

_________ ________ he _________ __________?

4) They bought a book two hours ago.

__________ ___________ they __________ a book?

Keys: 1. How long have, been there 2. How long has, lived here 3. When did, leave here 4. When did, buy

Ⅴ. U “never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since” to fill in the blanks.

1. I have _______ en him before, so I have no idea about him.

2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.

3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.

4. “Have you ________ en the film?” “No, I have ________ en it.”

Keys: 1. never 2. just , already 3. for 4. ever, never 5. yet , just / already

5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”