新编英语词汇学教程田贵森笔记

新编英语词汇学教程田贵森笔记

is polymy?

Having multiple meanings that are related.

are the two different ways of organising polymous

words? Explain them

1)The diachronic approach begins with the primary meaning

and then arrange the other meanings (derived meanings) in the

order in which they developed.

2)The synchronic approach begins with the most popular

meaning (central meaning) and then arrange the other meanings

(marginal meanings) in order of popularity.

are the two different ways in which polymy

develops? Explain them

1)Radiation. Secondary meanings are independent from one

another and are derived directly from the primary meaning.

2)Concatenation. Secondary meanings are connected and

derive from primary meaning through successive shifts of

meaning from one condary meaning to another.

is homonymy?

Homonyms are works different in meaning but either

identical both in sound or spelling or identical only in sound

or spelling.

an example of a perfect homonym, a homophone and a

homograph

1)perfect homonym 同音同形 date日期/date红枣

2)homophone 同音异形 Knew/new, meet/meat

3)homograph 异音同形 record(v.)/record(n.)

an example of the rhetorical u of homonymy

Hi Jack （你好杰克）– hijack（打劫）

is the difference between polymy and homonymy?

Give an example to illustrate the difference

1)Polymy is about connection of meanings. Book can mean

a book as in “I read a book”, and “I book a hotel room”.

The cond meaning is related to the first one becau in the

past hotel staff will write the customers’ information on a

book when rerving a room.

2)homonymy is about form. Lie can mean not being honest or

being in a horizontal position. The two meanings have the same

form but no connection.

fy the following pairs of antonyms into

complementaries (binaries), contraries (gradable) or

convers (relational). Explain why

1)Good/bad, contraries

2)odd/even, complementaries

3)above/below, convers

4)clean/dirty, contraries

5)remember/forget, complementaries?

6)old/young, contraries

7)before/after, convers

is hyponymy? Give an example

The meaning of a more specific word is included in that of

a more general word.

例Flower is the superordinate term, ro is the subordinate

term.

is synonymy?

Synonyms are words different in sound and spelling but

nearly or exactly alike in esntial meaning.

is the difference between absolute and near

(relative) synonyms?

1)Absolute synonyms – interchangeable in every way

2)Near synonyms – similar in denotation but have different

shades of meaning or different degrees of a given quality.