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呼吸内科第一章—社区获得性肺炎
Community-acquired pneumonia is still a significant cau of morbidity and mortality and is often misdiagnod and inappropriately treated.Although it can be caud by a wide variety of micro-organisms, the pneumococcus,atypicals,Staphylococcus aureus and certain Gram-negative rods are the usual pathogens encountered.Antimicrobial therapy should be started as soon as possible particularly in tho requiring admission to hospita.
社区获得性肺炎仍然具有很高的发病率和死亡率，且经常被误诊和不恰当地治疗。虽然它可以由多种微生物引起，但涉及的常见病原体有肺炎球菌、非典型球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和某些革兰氏阴性杆菌。特别是（对于）那些需要住院的患者，抗菌治疗应尽快开始。
知识点总结：
1pneum(o)-前缀，肺
2pneumonia n.肺炎
3pneumococcus n.肺炎球菌
4atypical adj.非典型的
5Staphylococcus aureus n.金黄色葡萄球菌
6Gram-negative rods n.革兰氏阴性杆菌
7pathogen n.病原体
8antimicrobial adj.抗菌的
Mandell LA.Community-acquired pneumonia:An overview.Postgrad Med.2015 Aug;127(6):607-15.
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呼吸内科第二章—肺脓肿
A lung abscess is an infectious pulmonary dia characterid by the prence of a pus-filled cavity within the lung parenchyma.The content of an abscess often drains into the airways spontaneously,leading to an air-fluid level visible on chest X-rays and CT scans. Primary lung abscess occur in patients who are prone to aspiration or in otherwi healthy individuals;condar
y lung abscess typically develop in association with a stenosing lung neoplasm or a systemic dia that compromis immune defences,such as AIDS,or after organ transplantation.
肺脓肿是一种感染性肺部疾病，其特征是肺实质内有充满脓的空洞。脓肿内容物通常会自发地流入气道，导致在胸部X光和CT扫描中可见到气液平面。原发性肺脓肿可发生于易误吸的患者或其他健康个体；继发性肺脓肿的发展通常与梗阻性肺癌或损害免疫防御功能的系统性疾病有关，如艾滋病或器官移植术后。知识点总结：
男女爱爱1pulmonary adj.肺的
2pus n.脓，脓液
3parenchyma n.实质
4abscess n.脓肿
中山陵门票5aspiration n.误吸
五角钱打一数学名词6stenosing adj.变狭窄的
7neoplasm n.新生物，肿瘤
Marra A,Hillejan L,Ukena D.[Management of Lung Abscess].Zentralbl Chir.2015Oct;140Suppl1:S47-53.
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呼吸内科第三章—支气管扩张症
Bronchiectasis is usually a complication of previous lower respiratory infection and/or inflammation.It caus chronic cough, copious production of sputum(often purulent),and recurrent infections, and may cau airway obstruction bearing some similarities with that en in COPD.It can be associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia, primary immunodeficiencies,certain systemic dias such as inflammatory bowel dia and rheumatoid arthritis,and foreign body inhalation.
支气管扩张通常是既往下呼吸道感染和/或炎症的并发症。它会导致慢性咳嗽、产生大量痰液(通常是脓性的)和反复感染，并可能导致气道阻塞，与慢性阻塞性肺病的症状有一些相似之处。它可能与原发性纤毛运动障碍、原发性免疫缺陷、某些系统性疾病如炎症性肠病和类风湿关节炎以及异物吸入有关。
知识点总结：
1bronchiectasis n.支气管扩张症
2-ectasis后缀，扩张
描写送别的诗句3copious adj.大量的
4sputum n.痰液
5purulent adj.化脓的，脓性的
6ciliary adj.纤毛的，毛状的
7dyskinesia n.运动障碍
商店的英文8rheumatoid adj.类风湿病的
9arthritis n.关节炎
10inhalation n.吸入
Magis-Escurra C,Reijers MH.BMJ Clin Evid.2015Feb25;2015.pii:1507.
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呼吸内科第四章—肺结核
Tuberculosis remains the leading cau of death from an infectious dia among adults worldwide,with more than10million people becoming newly sick from tuberculosis each year.Advances in diagnosis, including the u of rapid molecular testing and whole-genome quencing in both sputum and non-sputum samples,could change this situation.Although little has changed in the treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis,data on incread efficacy with new drugs have led WHO to recommend all-oral therapy for drug-resistant tuberculosis for the first time ever in2018.
肺结核仍然是全球成年人中传染性疾病导致死亡的主要原因，每年有超过1000万人新感染上肺结核。诊断方面的进步，包括在痰液和非痰液样本中的快速分子检测和全基因组测序的使用，可能会改变这一情况。尽管对药物敏感性肺结核的治疗几乎没有变化，但数据表明新药能提高疗效，使得WHO在2018年首次推荐全口服药治疗耐药性肺结核。
知识点总结：朗姆酒好喝吗
1tuberculosis n.肺结核，结核病
2whole-genome n.全基因组
3quencing n.测序
4susceptible adj.敏感的
5oral adj.口头的
Furin J,Cox H,Pai M.Tuberculosis.Lancet.2019Apr20;393(10181):1642-1656.
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呼吸内科第五章—支气管哮喘
右边后背疼Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic dias.Its pathogenesis is still not fully understood and its progression is still not predictable.There are individual differences in frequency,verity and duration of symptoms and progression as well as in the respon to therapy.The diagnosis is bad on a detailed medical history and physical examination,on lung function tests and allergy tests.
支气管哮喘是最常见的慢性疾病之一。其发病机制尚不完全清楚，其进展也无法预测，在（发病）频率、严重程度、症状持续时间、进展以及对治疗的反应方面存在个体差异。哮喘的诊断基于详细的病史和体格检查，肺功能测试和过敏测试。
知识点总结：
淘好评
①bronchial adj.支气管的
②asthma n.哮喘
③pathogenesis n.发病机制
④frequency n.频率
⑤verity n.严重程度
⑥medical history病史
⑦allergy n.过敏
Wäsche A,Schreiber J.[Pathophysiology,diagnosis and treatment of asthma: focusing on a chronic di
a].Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther.2016Jun;51(6):392-9.
