句子结构及成分
句子结构及成分
一. 陈述句, 疑问句, 祈使句, 感叹句
句子按用途可分四种：
1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：
He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.
2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：
Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or ven years old?
Mary can swim, can’t she?
3）祈使句：表示命令或者请求. 又叫无主句，主语通常为you,省略.
Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class
4）感叹句：how 后面加上的是形容词副词.what后面加上的是名词.部院
How clever the boy is! What a clever boy he is!
二.北京东路的日子歌词 简单句、并列句和复合句
句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
1）简单句：
只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
（划线部分为并列谓语 ，只有一个主语，仍为简单句。）
2) 并列句：
由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。要注意哟,逗号是不可以连接句子的,这一点和汉语不同.
e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.
2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwi等。e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
描写心情的好句3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。
e.g. He was a little man with thick glass, but he had a strange way of making his class lively and interesting.
4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。
e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.
3）复合句：
复合句含有两个或两个以上主谓结构，其中一个主谓结构作另一个的成分。（而并列句的两个主谓结构间是并列关系， 而不是从属关系）。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。
当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句子时，整个句子就成为复合句了。
1. It is wrong. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句）
2. What he said is wrong.
（what he said,是一个主谓结构，he为主语，said为谓语，what是宾语。What he said is wrong. 是另外一个主谓结构。What he said作主语，is wrong系表结构作谓语。因此，本句是复合句。What he said是名词性从句作主语）。
3. The boy over there is my brother. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句）
4. The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother.
（The boy is my brother.是一个主谓结构 who is wearing a hat也是一个主谓结构，作了前一个主谓结构中主语the boy的定语。因此本句是复合句。）
5. I was doing my homework at six. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句）
6. I was doing my homework when he came in.（I was doing my homework是一个主谓结构，he came in也是一个主谓结构。后面一个主谓结构作前一个的时间状语。因此是复合句。
练习：
判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
1. We often study Chine history on Friday afternoon.
2. The boy who offered me his at is called Tom.
3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?
4. My brother and I go to school at half past ven in the morning and come back home at ven in the evening.
5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.引体向上视频
8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?
9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
11. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm.
12. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.
13. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors.
14. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat
15. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him.
答案：1. 简单句 2. 复合句, The boy is called Tom是一个主谓结构 who offered me his at也是一个主谓结构，为定语从句，作前一个主谓结构中主语the boy 的定语。
3. 简单句，反义疑问句 4. 简单句，my brother and I 是并列主语，后面go to school和come back为并列谓语，因此也只有一个主谓结构。5. 并列句 6.含有时间状语从句的复合句。7. 并列句 8. 复合句，what he said也是一个主谓结构，名词性从句作主语。 9. 简单句，只有一个主谓结构。10. 简单句，前面为并列主语。11. and连接的并列句 12. 由so连接的并列句 13. 简单句 14.but连接前后为并列句，但后面又是一个含有定语从句的复合句。15.含有让步状语从句的复合句。
考点： 两个主谓结构时，要用连接词，变为并列句或复合句
一个句子如果出现两个主谓结构，那它就不是简单句了，要么是并列句，要么是复合句。是并列句时要有and, so, but,等并列连词或用分号。是复合句时也要有连接词。总之，只用逗号而不用连接词简单的把两个主谓结构连接到一起的句子是错误的。如：
I like English, my English is very good.×
I like English and my English is very good.√
As I like English, my English is very good. √
I have a hou, its windows are very big. ×
I have a hou and its windows are very big. √
I have a hou, who windows are very big. √
洛杉矶景点
练习：参看 定语从句 关系词的选择P137 6
三. 句子成分
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：除 主语（人民的名义周正subject）、谓语（predicate）、、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）之外还有 表语（predicative）（同位语）。
许国璋英语中划句子成分的符号
主语 在下面划一直线
谓语 在下面划曲线
宾语 在下面划双横线
定语 在下面划虚线 （一行点使我们想到一排钉子， 钉答案英语单词 谐音为“定语” 的“定”）
状语 下面为短横线 （短横线使我们想到短木桩， 木桩撞（状）钟）
补语 上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙）
同位语 上下双曲线，（虽都有曲折，上下位置基本相同）
