第3周实践训练课上材料（For Reading）惠州有什么大学
Passage One
Children are a delight. They are our future. But sadly, hiring someone to take care of them while you go to work is getting more expensive by the year.
Earlier this month, it was reported that the cost of enrolling an infant or small kid at a childcare center ro 3% in 2012, faster than the overall cost of living. There are now large strips of the country where daycare for an infant costs more than a tenth of the average married couple's income.
This is not necessarily a new trend, but it is a somewhat puzzling one. The price of professional childcare has been rising since the 1980s. Yet during that time, pay for professional childcare workers has stood still. Actually caregivers make less today, in real terms, than they did in 1990. Considering that labor costs are responsible for up to 80% of a daycare center's expens, one would expect flat wages to have meant flat prices.说出你的爱
So who's to blame for higher childcare costs?
Childcare is a carefully regulated industry. States lay down rules about how many children each emplo
yee is allowed to watch over, the space care centers need per child, and other minute details. And the stricter the regulations, the higher the costs. If it has to hire a caregiver for every two children, it can't really achieve any economies of scale on labor to save money when other expens go up. In Massachutts, where childcare centers must hire one teacher for every three infants, the price of care averaged more than $16,000 per year. In Mississippi, where centers must hire one teacher for every five infants, the price of care averaged less than $5,000.
Unfortunately, I don't have all the daycare-center regulations handy. But I wouldn't be surprid if as the rules have become more elaborate, prices have rin. The tradeoff (交换) might be worth it in some cas; after all, the health and safety of children should probably come before cheap rvice. But certainly, it doesn't em to be an accident that some of the cheapest daycare available is in the least regulated South.
56. What problem do parents of small kids have to face? A
A) The ever-rising childcare prices. C) The balance between work and family.
B) The budgeting of family expens. D) The lection of a good daycare center.
57. What does the author feel puzzled about? C
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蝴蝶简笔画彩色A) Why the prices of childcare vary greatly from state to state.
B) Why incread childcare prices have not led to better rvice.
C) Why childcare workers' pay has not incread with the rising childcare costs.
D) Why there is a vere shortage of childcare professional in a number of states.
58. What prevent childcare centers from saving money? B
A) Steady increa in labor costs. C) Lack of support from the state.
B) Strict government regulations. D) High administrative expens.
59. Why is the average cost of childcare in Mississippi much lower than in Massachutts? D
A) The overall quality of rvice is not as good.
B) Payments for caregivers there are not as high.
C) Living expens there are comparatively low.
D) Each teacher is allowed to care for more kids.
60. What is the author's view on daycare rvice? B
A) Caregivers should receive regular professional training.
B) Less elaborate rules about childcare might lower costs.
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C) It is crucial to strike a balance between quality and costs.
D) It is better for different states to learn from each other.
56．【A】
心理问题怎么解决【定位】根据题干中的problem，parents of small kids定位至第l段最后一句。【解析】本题问有小孩的家长必须面临什么问题。第I段末句指出“令人沮丧的是(sadly)，你需要出去工作，而雇人照顾小孩的费用却逐年上升(getting more expensive by the year)”。题于中的problem对应了原文中的sadly。故家长面临的问题就是育儿费用的上升，A“日益高涨的幼托费用”是原文的同义表述。
【点睛】8“家庭费用预算”，第2段末句提到日托班的费用超过家庭收入的十分之一，但并没有提到家庭针对这情况作出具体预算，B实际上没有原文根据。C“工作和家庭的平衡”，原文提及因为家长需要出去2r_作，所以必须请人照顾小孩。最后谈到费用高的问题，没有讨论如何平衡工作与家庭的关系。D“选择好的日托机构”偏离重点，家长的问题是日托机构费用高，而非烦恼如何选择好的日托机构。
57．【C】
【定位】根据题干中的puzzled定位至第3段。
【解析】本题问作者对什么感到疑惑不解。题干中的puzzled与第3段首句的puzzlin9对应，第2、3句指出疑惑的内容，其大意是专业幼托班的费用一直在上涨(has been rising)，而保育员的工资却并不见涨(stood still)，而这是不合情理的，因为劳动力成本占了日托中心80％的开支，按正常情况，保育员
鸡爪怎么烧好吃的工资应该会随着日托费用的上升而增加，所以C“为什么保育员的收入没有随着幼托费用上涨而增加”为答案。
【点睛】A“为什么幼托费用每个州差别这么大”，作者对这一个问题在第5段做
了详尽的描述和分析，可见他对此很清楚．并没有感到疑惑不解。B“为什么幼托费用上涨却没有带来更好的服务”，全文讨论的重点是幼托费用高的问题．没有提及服务质量。D“为什么在很多
州严重缺乏专业保育员”无中生有，全文未提及缺少保育员的问题。58．【B】
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【定位】根据题干中的saving money定位至第5段。
【解析】本题问幼托中心没法省钱的原因是什么。题干的问题实际上相当于第4段提出的问题“谁该为幼托费用上涨负责呢?”作者在第5段分析了原因。第5段第3句明确指出“规定越严格，成本就越高”。接下来又对此进行详细描述，“如果每两个孩子就需要聘请一个保育员，那么就无法实现劳动力的规模经济，也没办法省钱(can，t…achieve…to save money)”，后面将马萨诸塞州和密西西比州的情况进行对比，表明不同的政府规定下．护理成本相差较大。B“严格的政府规章制度”准确表达出无法省钱的原因，故正确。
【点睛】A“劳动力成本的稳步增长”，按第3段描述，劳动力成本并没有随着幼托费用的增长而上升，
A与原文矛盾。C“缺乏州政府的支持”，文章提到每个州规定不同，但并没有提到政府是否会资助幼托所。D“高昂的管理费用”中的administrative expens并未在文中提及。
59．【D】
【定位】根据题干中的Mississippi和Massachutts定位至第5段最后两句。【解析】本题问为什么密西西比州的平均幼托成本比马萨诸塞州低许多。第5段最后两句从两方面将两个州进行对比：第一，每位老师看护儿童的数量，马萨诸塞州是一个老师看三个婴儿(one teacher for every three infants)．密西西比州
则是一个老师看五个婴儿(one teacher for every five infants)；第二，幼托的平均成本．马萨诸塞州是超过1．6万美元一年，密西西比州则是不到5000美元。因此，护理成本差异的区别在于一个老师照顾多少个孩子，密西西比州每个老师看护的儿童数量更多，因此成本更低，故D“每个老师允许照顾更多的孩子”正确。
【点睛】注意原文只对比了两个州的两个方面，其他三项的信息均没有提及，本题只需找准定位句就可得出答案。A意为“整体服务质量不那么高”；B意为“那里保育员的S-资没那么高”；C意为“相对来说那里的生活成本低”。
60．【B】
【定位】最后一段。
【解析】本题问作者对日托服务的看法。作者在最后两段分析了日托服务收费高昂的原因，第5段为例证，第6段第2句用But转折，总结指出他不会感到惊讶的是规定越细，价格就越高，最后一句也重申最便宜的日托通常出现在监管最松的南部。因此，高昂的日托费用是因为严格的规定，B“对幼托的规定不那么严格可能会降低成本”是对原文的正话反说，为答案。
【点睛】①A“保育员应该定期接受专业培训”，作者在全文未提及保育员培训的问题。C“保持质量和成本的平衡是至关重要的”，最后一段提到，用……精细的规定”(从而保证孩子的健康和安全)交换高价“有时候是值得的”，但文中没说如何在质量‟‟和……成本‟‟之间取得平衡，也没说取得这种平衡是否很重要。D“各个州最好相互学习”，虽然第5段提到了马萨诸塞州和密西西比州的不同情况，但这只是为了说明日托成本高的原因，并未说明哪个州的日托教育更好．故不存在各个州相互学习的说法。②本题是态度观点题，表转折对比的逻辑关系词后的内
