翻译理论研究名词术语解释总结
1.Foreignizing translation （异化） is a type oftranslation propod by Ventui in which a target text is produced whichdeliberately breaks target convention by retaining something of the foreignnessof the original. Venuti traces the roots of the term back to Schleiermacher'sfamous notion of the translation which leaves the author in peace, as much aspossible, and moves the reader towards him.
2. Domesticating translation （归化） is a type oftranslation propod by Ventui in which a transparent fluent style is adopted inorder to minimize the strangeness of the source text for target languagereaders. Venuti traces the roots of the term back to Schleiermacher's famousnotion of the translation which leaves the reader in peace, as much aspossible, and moves the author towards him.大拇指简笔画
为渊驱鱼
领导司机3. Langue refers to the abstract linguisticsystem shared by a speech community. Parole refers to the concrete utterancesof a speaker.
4. Competence is the unconscious knowledgeof the system of grammatical rules in a language. Performance is the languageactually ud by people in speaking or writing.
星系英文5. Sen is the relationship between oneword and another, or more generally between one linguistic unit and another. Itis concerned with the intralinguistic relations. For example, the English wordsbachelor and married have the n relationship of bachelor=never married.
6. Reference is the relationship between aword and the thing it refers to, or more generally between a linguistic unitand a nonlinguistic entity it refers to in the real word. For example, therelationship between the word tree and the objet tree in the real world.
7. Phonetics is a branch of linguisticswhich refers to the study of speech sounds, especially of their production,transmission, and reception. It is the general study of the characteristics ofspeech sounds.
梁桥
国旗下讲话稿小学8. Phonology is a branch of linguisticswhich refers to the study of the systems and patter
ns of speech sounds in alanguage. It aims to discover the principles that govern the way sounds areorganized in languages, and also toexplain the variations that occur. Phonetics is the study of speech sounds thathuman voice is capable of creating. Phonology is the study of a subt of thosounds that constitute language and meaning. The former focus on chaos whilethe latter focus on order. Therefore the two are at once related anddistinct branches of linguistics.
9.Inflectional morphology studies the wayin which words vary in order to express grammatical contrasts inntences, such as single/plural, past ten/prent ten, bark+s=barks.
10. Derivational morphology studies theprinciples governing the construction of new words, without reference to thegrammatical role a word might play in a ntence.逃避英语
11. Informative function: language is udto tell something, to give information, or to reason something out. Forexample, the function of the ntece Wwater boils at 100 degree centigrade isinformative.
12. Interpersonal function: language isud to establish and maintain social relations between people. For example,the way in which people address others and refer to themlves, such as'dear sir, your obedient rvant, indicate the various grades ofinterpersonal relations.
13. Performative function: language is udto do things or to perform acts. For example, at a meeting, as soon as thechairman says I declare the meeting open, the meeting has started.
14. Phatic function: language is ud toestablish an atmosphere or maintain social contact between the speaker andhearer. For example, the expression such as how do you do does not conveyanymeaning, but are ud to establish a common ntiment between the speakerand hearer.
工作实绩
15. Emotive function: language is ud toexpress the speaker's attitudes and feelings. For example, my god!
16. Recreational function: language is udfor te sheer joy. For example, a chanting.
17. Conceptual meaning is the basicesntial components of meaning which is conveyed by the lteral u of a word.For example, the basic concepts of a word like needle in english might includethin sharp, steel, instrument, which would be part of the conceptual meaning ofthe word needle.
18. Associative meaning is te total of allthe meanings a person thinks of when he hear the word. For example, you mayhave associations attached to a word like needle which lead you to think ofpainful whenever you encounter the word.
19. Constituent command refers to therelation between an element and another of the same level and under the samenode in a tree diagram, and any others under the latter element as well. Forexample, in the prepositional phra in the book, the preposition inconstituent command the following noun phra the book, and the constituentcommand book not in.
