数词数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目,序数词表示顺序。
一、基数词的构成
1.1—12的基数词是独立的单词,即:
2.13—19的基数词以-teen结尾。如:但13,15,18较特殊, 13—15—18—。
3.20—90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如: sixty,venty,但20,30,40,50,80,90较特殊,
20—30—40—50—80— 90—。
4.十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-〞,如:28—twenty-eight,96—ninety-six。
5.百位和十位〔若无十位则和个位〕之间加and,如:148—one hundred and forty-eight 406—four hundred and six。
6.hundred〔百〕,〔千〕,〔百万〕,〔十亿〕等前面即使有具体的数词,也不能在它们的后面加s。如:600—six hundred,8百万—-
兵出潼关7.2,510=two thousand five hundred and ten;84,296=eight-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six;
8.hundred,thousand,million用复数形式修饰名词时要用“of+复数名词〞,如:数以百计的年轻人hundreds of young people;数以千计的书thousands of books。注意:hundreds of /thousands of/millions of +复数名词,其前面不能加具体的数词,但可加veral或 many。遵循两无原则
9.基数词+单数名词+形容词构成合成形容词。如:一个五岁的男孩a five-year-old boy;一座800米长的桥;
10.句型:主语+is +about〔大约〕/ over =more than〔超过〕/nearly〔接近〕+具体数词+meter〔s〕/kilometer〔s〕/kilo〔s〕long / high /tall /deep /away等。如:长江长6300公里。 The Changjiang River is 6,300 kilometres long.
二、序数词
1.基数词变序数词可利用口诀巧记:“一、二、三,特殊记,八去“t〞,九去“e〞,“ve〞
路遥经典语录
要用“f〞替,见“y〞变成“i〞和“e〞,词尾加上“th〞,若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。〞第一、第二、第三分别:,,,eight—eighth nine—,five—,twelve—,twenty—,forty—fortieth,twenty-five—。
保和丸的作用与功效2.其余情况均在基数词后加th。如: six—sixth, nineteen—nineteenth , hundred— hundredth, thousand—thousandth等。
3、〔3〕序数词的缩写形式为:阿拉伯数字加上这个词的末尾两个字母。
1st 2nd,3rd,4th,20th,21st,22nd,23rd
三、数词的用法
1. 基数词的用法
(1) 基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语,例如:
(2) 表示一个具体数字时,hundred, thousand, million一律不用复数;在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如:
Our country has a population of 1,300 million people.There are three thousand students in our school.
After the war, thousands of people became homeless.
(3) 表示“……十〞的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代,例如: He is in his early thirties. He died still in his forties. This took place in 1930s.
(4) 表示时刻用基数词。例如:
We get up at six.
表示“几点过几分〞,用介词past,但须在半小时以内。例如:
ten past ten, a quarter past nine,half past twelve
表示“几点差几分〞用介词to, 但分数须在半小时以上。例如:
twenty to nine,five to eight,a quarter to ten
表示“几点几分〞还可直接用基数词。例如:
ven fifteen,eleven thirty,nine twenty
冻鸡腿 2. 序数词的用法〔1〕〔1〕序数词作定语时,一般要与定冠词或物主代词连用。
eg.Tom is their cond son. He is the first one to come here. John lives on the fifteenth floor.〔2〕序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一〞,“又一〞这样的意思,例如: We'll have to do it a cond time.Shall I ask him a third time?
关于长江的古诗
〔3〕表示日期。
①年份,每两位数读一个词。②先月后日,日子要读成序数词。③先日后月,加OF。年,月。日的话年放最后,用逗号隔开。
〔4〕表示分数时,分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时,分母加-s。例如:three fourths,one cond,two fifths
〔四、数词在生活中的应用
1.钟点的表示:小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。
2.编号的表示:
1Lesson One =the first lesson第一课;Bus No.3=the No.3bus 3路公共汽车;
2表示住所时不用“No.〞如:302房间—Room 302〔读作:room three o two〕;
3如果编号的数词比较长,一般用基数词。如:Page 457第457页;
⑤ ,用基数词,可单个读,重复的数字也可读“珠行万里double〞,如:3855633—three eight five five〔double five〕 six three three〔double three〕。
三生三世十里桃花插曲3.年月日的表示:。 4.分数的表达:
5.倍数的表达:一倍用once,两倍用,两倍以上用基数词+。如:5倍。
6、小数的小数点读作point,零读作o[ u]或zero,小数点后面的数字按个位基数词依次读出。
7、百分数(%),读作per cent (percent),但不论是多少均用作单数形式不能加s。
8、表示日期有两种说法和四种写法,如:2月1号英语表达法为:the first of February而美语为February (the) first,但其书写上可有四种写法① February 1 ② February 1st 党员的批评与自我批评200条④ 1/2。
五、特殊用法
1.数词作主语,谓语动词用单数。如: Two months is quite a long time.Four and two is six.What's two and three?
2.一个半小时〔一年半,一个半月可类推〕one/an hour and a half =。
3.不定冠词用在序数词前表又一、再一。如:I've tried three times,let me try a fourth time.意为:我已经试过三次,让我再试一次吧。
4、基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数:
a. 与of 短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连 用,如scores of people 指许多人;
b. 在一些表示"一排"或"一组"的词组里;
如:They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两的到达了。
c. 表示"几十岁";
d. 表示"年代",用 in +the +数词复数;
e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如:3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen.
5、 半小时为half an hour, 半天为half a day, 半镑为half a pound, 尽量避免用half a year, half a month, 要用six months, two weeks 或 fifteen days 要注意的是Half of the work is done Half of the books are sold. 当Half 作名词时,其谓语动词要看of后面的名词而定。如名词是不可数名词则用单数谓语动词,如是复数名词时,则要用复数谓语动词。要注意的是一个半的表达法,如:One and a half apples is left on the table.其名词要用复数,但谓语动词则要用单数。
6、 在句首的数字要用文字而不要用阿拉伯数字,如数字过大则应放于句中,用阿拉伯数字。如:
There are 166 students playing on the ground.
[误] 60 students are playing on the ground.
[正] Sixty students are playing on the ground. [答案] A.
加 and / plus 减 minus 乘 times 除 divide by
初中英语数词练习〔二〕
( ) 1. Lincoln was born on ________.
A. February 12, 1809 B. 1809, February 12 C. 1809, 12 February D. February 1809,12
( ) 2. A _______ boy can sing the English song very well.
A. ten-year-old B. ten years old C. ten-year-old D. fifth years old
( ) 3. An hour later, _____ minister was nt(被发送) to e the “magic cloth〞 woven by tho two men.
A. two B. the cond C. the two D. cond
( ) 4. Abraham Lincoln was _______ President 〔总统〕of the United States.
A. 16 B. the 16 C. 16th D. the 16th
( ) 5. Do you think there is any room for us ________ ?