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产业园的规划浅析爱默生的《论自助》—人生自主的源泉
浅析爱默生的《论自助》—人生自主的源泉 2009-02-03 17:49:54中国芭比
Abstract
Emerson, Ralph Waldo is an outstanding American writer in the nineteenth century. His work Self-Reliance is an important and influential work which encourages a man to be confident and independent. Through the analysis and rearch of Emerson and his works, the thesis explores four main ideas in the work, including “The Confidence” , “The Independence” , “The Personality” , “Showing no Sympathy to the Poor”, of which “The Confidence” is the core point in this thesis. Bad on the rearch of the four ideas, the thesis discuss the enlightenments on today’s society, including the enlightenments on the confident and optimistic attitudes towards life, the promotion of female’s lf-reliance, the influence on individuals’ success and a country’s prosperity.
Key Words
Self-reliance; Emerson; enlightenment普洱茶能放多久
星座配对查询表摘 要
拉尔夫?华尔多?爱默生是美国十九世纪著名的作家，《论自助》是其极具影响力的一部作品，也是一部激励人们自信、独立的作品。论文从分析、研究爱默生及其作品出发，探索了作品中的四种主要思想，包括“自信”、“独立”、“个性”、“拒绝对穷人的同情”，其中，“自信”是论文的核心。在研究作品主要思想的基础上，论文探讨了作品的主要思想对当今社会的启迪和影响，包括对乐观自信生活态度的启迪、对女性自助思想的促进、对个人成功的影响及对国家繁荣与富强的影响。
关键词
爱默生； 自助 ； 启迪
Introduction
Emerson, Ralph Waldo was one of the most outstanding American writers in the19th century; he experienced much in his whole life. His Self-Reliance is an influential work which deeply attracts many readers. “Believe in Onelf” is the main idea expresd and analyzed in the work. In Self-Reliance, there exist four kinds of important thoughts. The first kind of thought is “The Confidence”. Emerson advocated that a man must show his opinion confidently and bravely in spite of different ideas. “The Independence” is the cond kind of important thought which is expresd in Self-Reliance. A man should keep himlf firmly but not be easily influenced by environment. The third ki
nd of thought is to keep personality, which is cloly related to the confidence and the independence. From Emerson’s opinion, a man must keep his personality and conform to his own principles. “Showing no Sympathy to the Poor” is the fourth kind of thought in the work. It shows that why the poor are poor is mainly due to their backward thinking. Showing help to this kind of people means doing harm to them. All the ideas in Emerson’s Self-reliance have enlightenments on today’s society. They help people take confident and optimistic attitudes towards li
fe. The important thoughts enlighten the female to be confident and strive for their social status. Besides, they are crucial for individuals’ success. Each man who posss the thoughts is easy to make progress and achieve success. Moreover, a country’s prosperity is established on the basis of confidence and independence.
I. A Brief Introduction to Emerson and His Self-Reliance
A. Emerson, Ralph Waldo
Emerson was one of the most outstanding American writers in the 19th century. He was born in a clergyman’s family in Boston in 1803 and raid by his mother and aunt. America was lively but disordered when he was born. Some people were aware of the appearance of new power, but nobod
y could express it clearly. He entered Harvard University when he was 14 years old. During this period of time, he read a large numbers of books about Britain romanticism and enriched his thoughts. Three years later, he graduated and became a teacher for two years. In 1826, he entered minary of Harvard and formally appointed as priest in 1829. However, he resigned 3 years later for two reasons, that is, he was unsatisfied with the dogma and his wife died of illness. Then he traveled around Europe and got to know some famous writers. He was deeply influenced by romanticism and gradually formed his own transcendentalism. He returned to his country in 1834 and then ttled with his cond wife in Concord. In the time following, he published Nature that includes almost all his important ideas. From that time on, he made address everywhere publicly and gradually became a celebrated scholar in America. Emerson always held a small party with his friends and made discussion about theology, philosophy and sociology. Such kind of party was called transcendentalism club at that time. Naturally, Emerson became the leader of transcendentalism and was responsible for brining transcendentalism to England.
Emerson collected all his speech materials and made a book called Essays, including Self-reliance, Love, and Friendship and so on. Emerson’s Essays speaks highly of the man who should trust their own suggestion. He advocated that a man should develop the national pride and oppod following t
he others’ saying. Almost all his speeches made a deep influence on America’s national civilization. In 1837, he published a famous speech which declared that the American literature was parated from Britain literature. He was also the spokesman of transcendentalism. Emerson abandoned the thought which takes god as the centre. He raid the idea that the man could know the truth by instinct, so to some extent, the man is the god. Then he cried out that ‘Believe in Yourlf’. His opinion reflected the advancing spirit of capitalism society. This positive spirit was called as American religion and it pushed the development of national spirit of America. He was the clairvoyant of American spirit and belonged to America, Emerson’s thoughts and works largely promoted
the establishment and development of American national spirit.
B. Self-Reliance
Emerson’s works deeply attract readers, especially Self-Reliance, which is from Essays. This pro is finished according to a ries of speech materials between 1836 and 1837. Self-Reliance is his significant work which express his idea of transcendentalism. “Believe in Yourlf” is the core point of Self-Reliance. Emerson oppod all forms of imitation in the works. He thought the man should be
lieve he was excellent at any time. The real man should learn how to reject to drift with the stream. If a man is afraid of public opinion or compelled him to do something unchanged, he will possibly lo the innovative ability which leads him to success. If a person doesn’t want to let him or the society down, he must comply with the principles in his inner heart, yet the people who comply with the authority, tradition or current system means break this principle. The ideas which Emerson expresd in his pro are largely different. They agreed with the American people’s optimistic spirit at that time. Above all, he believed in individualism, independence and lf-reliance. His works is not easy to be understood. He reconstructed the common literature images in writing skill and endowed the works with new ideas. Generally, the readers have a common view that his ideas are special and unique.
Nowadays, there are many books about lf-support. The authors express a ries of ideas as Emerson did. The difference is that the common books are easier to be understood. The authors u simple ntences in their works so that all readers can easily know what the authors express. But Emerson’s Self-reliance is needed to read many times. He mainly expresd four important ideas in this works, including “The Confidence”, “The Independence”, “The Personality”, “Showing No Sympathy to the Poor”. “The confidence” is a core point which Emerson stresd in Self-Reliance. Al石膏线电视墙
l men should trust their own opinions in spite of the different ideas. Emerson thought a man should trust himlf firmly. “The Independence” is another subject which Self-Reliance fully elaborates. It express that a man should act independently but not always relies on the other people. Besides, “Showing no Sympathy to the Poor” agrees with the idea of lf-support. In the works, Emerson gave the opinion that the poor are lack of advancing ideas. The result of supporting the poor is to do harm to them. At last, to be a lf-reliant person, the man should keep his personality. The ideas are important in today’s society. This pro exerts much influence on many ordinary people.
II. The Analysis on Emerson’s Thoughts in Self-Reliance
Self-Reliance is not an average work. Its content is difficult for readers to understand. Emerson showed many of his opinions about life in the work. The most important ideas include “The Confidence”, “The Independence”, “The Pers
onality”, and “Showing no Sympathy to the Poor”. The ideas are practicable and meaningful for the reader’s lives.
A. The Confidence
Self-Reliance is one of Emerson’s important works which express his transcendentalism. “Believe in Onelf” is the core point in it. In the works, Emerson showed his opinions about the confidence. He criticized all forms of imitation and oppod all lf-abad people. The confidence is an evident idea which Emerson gave in Self-Reliance. He thought that the confidence was a very important virtue. The philosophical idea which he expresd in Self-Reliance had its special power. It enlightened many people and catered to the spirit of optimism in America at that time.
Emerson believed a man must trust himlf and be himlf. Many lf-abad people can’t express themlves bravely and are ashamed of their divine ideas just becau the ideas are their own. Emerson believed that the man should concern his own points of view and keep them steadfastly. In his opinion: “A man should learn to detect and watch the gleam of light flashes across his mind from within, more than the luster of the firmament of bards and cages. Yet he dismiss without notice his thought, becau it is his.”(Emerson, P7, 2005) From this ntence, it can be acquired that Emerson gave support for expressing one’s own ideas loudly and bravely in spite of the others’ existence. Emerson’s opinions enlighten a man to keep his original saying in the face of mixed voices. As an individual in society, a man shouldn’t suspect himlf, or the suspicion from the other people will attack him constantly. The person who doesn’t believe in himlf will never win the other’s credibility.
In Emerson’s Self-Reliance, It is a little difficult to understand the meaning. However, “Trust Yourlf” is expresd clearly and can be known by readers easily. The author showed the idea that the man should own the spirit of lf-confidence and try to be the true himlf. For example, Emerson said in Self-reliance: “Let us never bow and apologize more. A great man is coming to eat at my hou, I do not wish to plea him; I wish that he should wish to plea me”. (Emerson, P20, 2005) On Emerson’s saying, it is known that he supported the man to be himlf generously in spite of the other people’s social status. Once a person comes to the world, he is possible to be the best one. However, many people are generally timid, and they are no longer upright, they are afraid of saying “I think”, but only quote motto. As a matter of fact, Emerson encouraged the people to express “I think”, “I am” bravely and directly. The words clearly prove the spirit of lf-trust.
There is a popular saying that “if you think you can, you can”. The confidence is the first step to make success. And Emerson showed the valuable idea in his works. It is believed that the readers are more confident after they finished Self-reliance.
B. The Independence
Just as “The Confidence”, “The Independence” is also a significant idea which Emerson showed in t陌生访客
he works. “The Independence” is cloly related with the spirit of lf-reliance. The author mentioned “The Independence” everywhere in the works. Emerson supported the man to be the true himlf independently.
Each person should act according to what he thinks. According to Emerson’s original words: “what I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think”(Emerson, P15, 2005)，Emerson thought that the people shouldn’t be influenced by the others. Each one is the first who knows himlf much. It is known that the only right is to conform to the man’s own will, namely, the only wrong thing is what is against his own will. Emerson supported that the people insist on carrying themlves in the face of all opposition. The true lf-independence is void of other’s encouragement; prize is just as an auxiliary function for achievements. The true lf-independent man is one who still stand firmly when all people fall over, and who himlf plays the major role in his world, while all the other persons are supporting roles. Emerson pointed out that it was easy to live after the world’s opinion. Most people prefer to this in daily lives. But a great man always parates himlf from the crowds.
Generally speaking, many people are easily influenced by environment. Emerson sharply oppod this idea in Self-Reliance. He thought the man should cultivate the personality of lf-independence. Emerson expresd another kind of viewpoint, that is, consistency, which is in large scale a kind of s
elf-trust. He once said: “A reverence for our past act or word, becau the eyes of others have no other data for computing our orbit than our past acts, and we are loath to disappoint them”. (Emerson, P16, 2005) Indeed, a large number of person always cope with their lives in the same way, becau they are afraid of being defeated by new methods. However, they are lack of innovation, which makes them lack of lf-independence. Becau of their consistency, it is very difficult for them to make progress or stride in life. Independence is established on the basis of continuous new progress. Therefore, the spirit of innovation can strengthen lf-reliance. Emerson said: “Nature suffers nothing to remain in her kingdoms which cannot help itlf. The genesis and maturation of a planet, its poi and orbit, the bended tree recovering itlf from the strong wind, the vital resources of every animal and vegetable, are demonstrations of lf-sufficing, and therefore lf-relying soul”. (Emerson, p30, 2005) According to Emerson’s words, the society refus the persons without lf-reliance. No one can help the man except himlf. Tho independent people can stand easily and stably.
纸飞机的简笔画
Independence is an indispensable quality for one’s success. Emerson pointed out that the man without any independent idea is diffic
