牛津英语8B Unit 1 Past and prent
一、重点短语汇总解析
1. 在碗里in the bowl 在盘子里on the plate
2. 过去和现在past and prent
（1）past
n. 过去，以前；in the past 在过去
adj. 过去的，以前的；in the past few years 在过去的几年里
prep. 经过walk past the post office走过邮局
（2）prent
adj.现在的; 目前的; 出席的
n.现在; 礼物; at prent 现在；a prent for you=a gift for you给你的礼物
vt.介绍; 出现; 提出; 赠送;
【例句】Everyone can be prented a prent at prent.
3. 过去常常…，曾经…(1) ud to do sth，(2)ud to be+ adj. (3) ud to be+ n.
(4) 某地曾经有什么:There ud to be+n.
〈知识链接〉⑴ud to do sth →否定式ud not to do sth或didn’t u to do sth→疑问式Did sb u to do sth?或Ud sb to do sth?
4.(1) 习惯于做某事be ud to doing sth
(2)习惯于某物be ud to sth.
(3) 逐渐习惯于… get / become ud to doing sth/ sth
注意：sth. be ud to do sth. = sth be ud for doing sth. 某物被用来做某事(被动语态)
从那以后since then
〈知识链接〉since 有几个意思（1）既然（2）因为（3）自...以来（现在完成时）6. (1)搬家move hou, (2)搬到Paris: move to Paris.
(3)搬走move away (4) 搬入新公寓move into new flats. (区别move in 无宾语)
(5) 搬出小镇move out of the town (区别：move out 无宾语)
〈知识链接〉move 的名词形式movement. 本课improve 的名词形式improvement。
7. 住在在小镇北部live in the northern part of town (南部的southern, 西部western，…）
〈知识链接〉east东部→eastern东部的, west →western, north →northern。注意：如果把短语中part 去掉，就用方向的名词形式；东北，西北之类翻译成英语，先南北后东西，例如south-east.
8. (1) 和某人结婚get married (to sb) (千万不要和with连用)
married 作形容词.
注意：marry 是married的动词形式：marry sb 与某人结婚marry A to B 把A嫁给B n marriage 婚姻
【例句】Some young couples got married on that day.
9.在过去的几年里over the years (这时间状语常常和现在完成时连用)
〈知识链接〉over 的意思有：结束；在...上方；在....期间等意思。
10. 在小镇中心in the town centre = in the center of the town
11. 把A变成B turn A into B
【例句】I saw him turn into the library.
How can you turn a bottle of water into a bottle of orange juice?
【常用短语】turn on开turn off 关turn up 调高；开大(音量、煤气等)
turn down 调低；关小(音量、煤气、灯火等)
turn over把……翻过来turn back 往回走
turn left 向左转turn right 向右转
12.三种污染：water pollution, noi pollution , air pollution
〈知识链接〉pollution 的动词形式pollute. 注意总结动词变名词的后缀。
13 往河里排放废料：put the waste into the river.
【例句】Plea put the food into the fridge.
【常用短语】put away 拿走，储存…备用put back放回；向后移
put down写下；记下put on 穿上
put off 延期；推迟put out 熄灭；关熄；扑灭
put up 举起；抬起；张贴
14.意识到这个问题：realize the problem
15. 我的梦想实现了。My dream has come true.= I have realized my dream.
(come true 的主语是dream，而realize one’s dream 的主语是sb.)
16. 采取行动改善这种情况：take action to improve the situation.
17.在某种程度上in some ways, 在去某地的路上on the way to…
【例句】In some ways, I do agree with you.
【拓展】1. in many ways 在许多方面；用许多方法；in this way用这种方法；
2. on one’s way to表示“在某人去……的路上”；(home/here/there这几个词前不需要加to)
3. by the way表示“顺便说/问一句”；
4. all the way表示“全程；一直”；
5. in a way在某一点上，在某种程度上
6. in the way 挡道in the way of sb挡在某人路上
18.像以前那样经常as often as before
19. 打牌和下中国象棋play cards and Chine chess 下国际象棋play chess
母老虎英文21. 有点…，有些…a little +adj/ adv a bit+ adj/ adv
a bit 和a little 的区别：
(1) a bit 和a little +adj/ adv
a little+不可数，但是a bit +of + 不可数/
给拼音a little bit + adj/adv 可以连用，
22. Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time. (P9)现在我经常会感到有点孤单。
（1）lonely: adj.孤独的，孤单的; 寂寞的; 荒凉的
【常用短语】feel lonely
【词汇拓展】alone adv. 单独，独自=by onelf=on one’s own
【例句】1.Our teacher asks us to finish the task alone.
=Our teacher asks us to finish the task by ourlves.
=Our teacher asks us to finish the task on our own.
2. My grandma lives alone, so she feels lonely sometimes.
（2）time: n 时间; 次数；时代(常用复数)
【常用短语】at the same time 同时in time及时；适时on time 按时，准时；按时
all the time 始终，一直at a time 一次；每次；在某时
from time to time 不时，有时for the first time 首次；第一次
23. 采访某人have an interview (n.) with sb. = interview (v) sb.
〈知识链接〉⑴My parents have had an interview with my teacher.
⑴They interviewed 20 people for the job.
⑴There are a number of interviews with some famous football players.
24. 某人一生, 某人一辈子all one’s life
赛尔号蒙塔25. 听说hear of ….= hear about …; 收到某人的来信hear from sb.
收到我的来信还可以写成：receive a letter from …= get a letter from …
(1) 返回return (to +地点) = come/ go back to + 地点
(2) 归还某物给某人return sth to sb. = give sth back to sb.
注意：return 一定不可以和______________ 连用
27.和某人保持联系keep in touch with sb.
28. 马路/河流两边on both sides of the road/(river)= on each / either side of the road/ river
29. 在一些大的空地in some large open spaces. (空间space 不可数，空地space 可数)全球最大
30. 在某人空余时间in one’s free time=in one’s spare time
二. 重点句型
1. —Eddie, have you en my food? —Yes, I’ve just eaten it. (p6)
2. You’ve changed, Eddie. You were kind. Now you’re not. I don’t want to play with you any more.
3. You’ve changed too. You always wanted to play with me. →always＋过去式＝ud to do sth
4. Coaches have been in u/rvice in Beijing since 1958. →have been in u＝have been ud
5. I moved here with my family when I was two years old and have lived here since then. (p8)
6. Have you ever moved hou? →move hou搬家
7. We lived till 1965, when I got married. →get married结婚→get/be married to sb与某人结婚
时间的时怎么写8. Has Sunshine Town changed a lot over the years? →change a lot变化大
9. There once was a shoe factory…. →There once was/were…＝Once there was/were…从前有…。
10. Later, the government realized it was a very rious problem and took action to reduce the pollution.
11. It is different for him to e some of them as often as before. (p12)
12. Things have changed a lot over the years.＝Great changes have taken place over the years.
痔疮口服药13. When I was in primary school, my mother took me to school. → take sb to school送某人上学
14. I have the same feeling too. Do you sometimes stay after school to chat with friends? (p19)
15. The changes to Moonlight Town have brought advantages, but they have also caud many problems for people. (p22)
三、语法现在完成时
1．现在完成时定义：
1).现在完成时表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的表示一段时间的状语连用，如：for +一段时间；since+时间点；since+一段时间+ago; since+从句（从句用一般过去时）。
I’ve known this place for many years.
His father has worked in the factory since 1991.
Mary has finished the homework since twenty minutes ago.
2).表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。常和下列时间状语连用：recently, lately，already（肯定句）, yet（否定句和疑问句），never, ever, just, before等
We haven’t en you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。
I haven’t had my breakfast yet.
Have you ever been to the Great Wall?
3）现在完成时还表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间内反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。.
We have had four texts this mester.
I have been to the Summer Palace twice.
枸橼酸喷托维林2.句型结构：
1）.肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他
2）.否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他
3）.一般疑问句：have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他？
Yes, 主语+have/has. No , 主语+ haven't/hasn't.
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