简单句的五种基本结构
主谓宾 主系表 双宾语 复合宾语
正确的英语句子都要符合一定的语法结构要求。英语句子的结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。英语句子都可以看作是这五种句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装构成的。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础,也是学好其他语法知识的前提。
英语五种基本句型结构如下:
痛风的主要原因
主语 谓语
用符号表示为:
① S V (主+谓)
② S V O (主+谓+宾)
③ S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
④ S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)
⑤ S V P (主+系+表)
主语(subject) 谓语(predicate)
宾语(object) 定语(attribute)
状语 (adverbial) 补语(complement)
表语(predicative)
考点1. 基本句型一:S V (主+谓)
这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词,都不带宾语,但可以带状语。如:
It is raining now. (S V)
We’ve worked for 5 hours. (S V)
The meeting lasted half an hour. (S V)
Time flies. (S V)
练习1. 分析下列句子成分,并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。
1. Dark clouds hung overhead. ( )
2. Gradually a smile appeared on her face. ( )
3. He is smiling all over his face. ( )
4. I did well in English. ( )
5. He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. ( )
考点2. 基本句型三: S V O (主+谓+宾)
此结构是由“主语+及物动词(词组)+宾语”构成。
She likes English.
We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday.
练习2. 分析下列句子成分,并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。
1. People all over the world speak English.
2. Jim cannot dress himlf.
3. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.
4. He did not know what to say.
5. He just wanted to stay at home.
6. He practices speaking English every day.
考点3. 基本句型四:SVoO(少年当自强主+谓+间宾 +直宾)
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give“给”南京二日游,pass“递”,bring“带”,show“展幼儿园教学目标示”。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。
如:He gave me a cup of tea. (S V o O)
She bought me some books. (S V o O)
若直接宾语为人称代词,通常不能放在后面。如:
不能说 Bring me it, plea.而要说Bring it to me, plea.
有时候为了强调间接宾语,把间接宾语放到后面,于是就构成了:
动词 + 直接宾语 + 介词(to或for)+ 间接宾语。
He gave a cup of tea to me.
She bought some books for me.
Show this hou to Mr. Smith.
常跟双宾语的及物动词有:
间接宾语放后面时前面要加to的动词:allow, bring, deny, give, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promi, read, refu, ll, nd, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。
间接宾语放后面时前面要加for的动词:buy, choo, fetch, get, make, order, paint, play(演奏), save, sing, spare等。
一般用to多些,用for的记住常用的三个就行:get, buy, make。
He got an English-Chine Dictionary for me.
She bought a book for John.
My uncle made a kite for me.
练习3. 分析下列句子成分,口头说出间接宾语和直接宾语。
1. She ordered herlf a new dress.
2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
3. He brought you a dictionary.
4. He denies her nothing.
5. I showed him my pictures.
凝聚的意思6. I gave my car a wash.
7. I told him that the bus was late.
8. He showed me how to run the machine.
考点4. 基本句型五:SVOC (主+谓+宾+宾补)
有些动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,宾语后必须加上一个补充成分才能使意思完整。所加的成分就是宾语补足语。
宾语和宾语补足语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。
看下面这句话:
He asked me to lend him some money.
他让我借给他一些钱。
“me”是宾语,“to lend him some money”是宾补,宾语和宾补合一起意思为“我借给他一些钱”。从意思上看,语文作文大全这像一句话,“我”是主语,“借给他一些钱”是谓语部分,但在英语原句中,它们却不是真正的主谓关系,而是逻辑上的“主谓关系”,即:从意思上看像主谓关系,而实际上不是。
本内容摘自《高中英语语法通霸》,打包下载
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练习4. 判断下列句中画线部分是否是宾语补足语。(是的填T,不是的填F)
1. I want him to come at once宫颈肥大是怎么回事. ( )
2. He lent me some money. ( )
3. He made the boy cry again. ( )
4. The teacher found him cheating in the exam. ( )
5. Don’t leave the door open at night. ( )
练习5. 分析下列句子并划分成分,在后面的括号内标明是什么充当句子的宾语补足语。
1. They appointed him manager. ( )
2. They painted the door green. ( )
3. He pushed the door open. ( )
4. They found the hou derted. ( )
5. What makes him think so? ( )
柱间支撑
6. We saw him out. ( )
7. He asked me to come back soon. ( )
8. I saw them getting on the bus. ( )
9. We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. ( )
10. I’ll have my bike repaired. ( )
11. We elected him monitor. ( )
12. Don’t keep the lights burning. ( )