(A)英语翻译高级口译英译中文化历史(一)
剑桥英语ket(总分：100.02，做题时间：90分钟)
一、试题1(总题数：1，分数：40.00)
光的衍射实验
A commonplace criticism of American culture is its excessive preoccupation with material goods and corresponding neglect of the human spirit. Americans, it is alleged, worship only "the almighty dollar". We scramble to "keep up with the Jones". The love affair between Americans and their automobiles has been a continuing subject of derisive commentary by both foreign and domestic critics. Americans are said to live by a quantitative ethic. Bigger is better, whether in bombs or dans. The classical virtues of grace, harmony, and economy of both means and ends are lost on most Americans. As a result, we are said to be swallowing up the world's supply of natural resources, which are irreplaceable. Americans constitute 6 percent of the world's population but consume over a third of the world's energy. The are now familiar complaints. Indeed, in some respects Americans may believe the "pursuit of happiness" to mean the pursuit of material things.
运球（分数：40.00）
(1).A commonplace criticism of American culture is its excessive preoccupation with material goods and corresponding neglect of the human spirit.（分数：5.00）
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正确答案：(人们常常批评美国文化过分热衷于物质产品，却忽略了人的精神需求。)
解析：[解析] 不仅词语可以转译，句子甚至是段落都可以转译，当然句子成分也相应发生改变。上句的主语即译成谓语。主语还可根据需要或句式结构转译为宾语、定语、状语等。
The rotation of the earth on its own axis caus the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。(主语转译成谓语)
As the match burns, heat and light are given off. 火柴点燃时会发出光和热。(主语转译成宾语)
Without air, the earth would undergo extreme changes in temperature. 没有空气，地球的
温度会发生极大的变化。(主语转译成定语)
史蒂芬乔布斯A miconductor has a poor conductivity at room temperature, but it may become a good conductor at high temperature. 在室温下，半导体的电导率差，但在高温下它可能成为良导体。(主语转译成定语)
May 2008 found her working in a rearch center. 2008年5月她在一家研究中心工作。(主语转译为状语)
criticism意思是“批评”，后缀-ism用法之一表示某种行为的过程或结果，如simplism(片面看问题)，ostracism(排斥)，terrorism(恐怖行动)等。翻译时不能一成不变地把-ism译成汉语的“主义”，而应根据不同语境灵活处理。它还可表示文学或艺术流派(如表现主义expressionism, Socratism苏格拉底派)，宗教派别(如天主教Catholicism，佛教Buddhism)，学术理论或观点的“论、术、学或法”(如不可知论agnosticism，磁学magnetism)，意识形态方面的某种信念、原则或理论体系(激进主义activism，民族主义nationalism，唯心主义idealism)，某一语言的特征或风格(Americanism美国用语，Africanism非洲人讲英语的风格)，某一地方的人的风格、特征或习惯(Orientalism东方人特征，Asianism亚洲人风格，urbanism城市居民的生活方式)，表示人的偏见(speciesism物
种歧视，ageism年龄歧视)，表示事物特性(professionalism职业精神，antagonism敌意)，等等。
(2).Americans, it is alleged, worship only "the almighty dollar".（分数：5.00）
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正确答案：(据称，美国人只崇拜“万能的美元”。)
解析：[解析] allege一词多译为“断言，声称”，在上句中也是表达此意思。该词在英美常用于法律方面，意思为“在证据不足的情况下指控”，故可译为“涉嫌”，如：
Mr. Jackson is alleged to have been at the center of an international drug ring. 杰克逊先生涉嫌曾是一个国际贩毒集团的核心人物。
(3).We scramble to "keep up with the Jones".（分数：5.00）
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抽搐怎么治疗正确答案：(美国人会盲目地在生活上竞相攀比。)
解析：[解析] keep with the Jones用简洁明快的“盲目攀比”译出其意。成语的形象如难以进入译入语，或是进入译语后显得拖沓繁冗，则可考虑采取意译。如：the salt of the earth社会中坚或优秀分子；the Achilles' Heel致命伤或唯一要害，go Dutch各自付帐，to be born in the purple出身名门望族。直译可在一定程度上保留原文的色彩，如the almighty dollar(万能的美元)，a bolt from the blue(晴天霹雳)，a dark hor(黑马)，部分直译、部分意译的则有to kill two birds with one stone(一箭双雕)，the black sheep(害群之马、败家子)，birds of a feather flock together(物以类聚，人以群分)。
(4).The love affair between Americans and their automobiles has been a continuing subject of derisive commentary by both foreign and domestic critics.（分数：5.00）
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正确答案：(美国人钟情于汽车，这一直是国内外批评家嘲笑美国人的话。)
解析：[解析] love affair一语在英语中作为比喻可用于多种场合，在汉语的使用中则范围较窄，往往采用较为婉转的表达方式。
(5).Americans are said to live by a quantitative ethic.（分数：5.00）
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正确答案：(美国人遵循数量的信条。)
解析：[解析] ethic一词语义丰富，有“伦理，道德；信条，信仰”等。根据上下文此处译成“信条，信念”较合适。再如：
Our professional ethic enjoins us to stay uncommitted and report the facts. 我们的职业道德要求我们保持中立，报道事实真相。
Now America is embracing a new ethic and a new creed "Let's roll". 现在，美国人遵循的是一个新的儿童年龄范围信条，即“让我们摇滚吧。”
If you travel across America, you will find people of many different ethic backgrounds and many different faiths. 如果你去美国旅行的话，你会见到来自不同种族背景和有着不同信仰的人。
会员制营销方案
(6).The classical virtues of grace, harmony, and economy of both means and ends are lost on most Americans.（分数：5.00）
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正确答案：(温文尔雅，和睦相处，量入为出对于大多数美国人来说都成了过眼烟云。)
解析：[解析] 这句可分成几个短句。正确、合理地使用汉语成语，不但能准确表达原文意思，还能给译文增添几分文采。上文翻译即采用了这一方法。再如：
Hijackers rammed two jetliners into each of New York's World Trade Center towers yesterday, toppling both in a hellish storm of ash, glass, smoke and leaping victims. 几名劫机分子昨日劫持两架喷气式飞机撞向纽约世贸中心，致使双塔轰然倒塌，顿时尘土飞扬，玻璃飞溅，浓烟滚滚，人们四处逃生。这一切构成了一幅地狱般的场景。
It is sometimes said that the English are a polite people. This can make life difficult for foreigners. 时而传闻英国人彬彬有礼，这却使外国人与之相处起来左右为难。
He described all the things he had en and heard. Many people read Marco Polo's book, but few believed what he said. 他描绘了自己耳闻目睹最小的浏览器的一切。阅读过马可波罗著作的大有人在，但相信他那一套的却寥寥无几。
