2002年6月四级试题
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are bad on the following passage:
英语新年手抄报In the 1960s, medical rearchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “rious illness of a family member” were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress — it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle the events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy.
By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the rearch got boiled down to a memorable message. Women’s magazines ran headlines
like “Stress caus illness!” If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events.
But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, many — like the death of a loved one — are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription (处方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.
The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we’re all vulnerable (脆弱的) and passive in the face of adversity (逆境). But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and metal strain.
网络存储器21. The result of Holmes-Rahe’s medical rearch tells us __________.
A) the way you handle major events may cau stress
B) what should be done to avoid stress
C) what kind of event would cau stress
D) how to cope with sudden changes in life
22. The studies on stress in the early 1970’s led to _________.
A) widespread concern over its harmful effects
B) great panic over the mental disorder it could cau
C) an intensive rearch into stress-related illness
D) popular avoidance of stressful jobs
23. The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows ________.
A) how much pressure you are under
B) how positive events can change your life
C) how stressful a major event can be
D) how you can deal with life-changing events
24. Why is “such simplistic advice” (Line 1, Para. 3) impossible to follow?
A) No one can stay on the same job for long.
B) No prescription is effective in relieving stress.
C) People have to get married someday.
D) You could be missing opportunities as well. 平舌音和翘舌音有哪些
25. According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become ________.
A) nervous when faced with difficulties
B) physically and mentally strained
C) more capable of coping with adversity
光叶石楠D) indifferent toward what happens to them
与朋友交言而有信的意思Passage Two
属蛇的本命佛是什么菩萨Questions 26 to 30 are bad on the following passage:
荷兰生活Most episodes of abnt-mindedness — forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room — are caud by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. “You’re suppod to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply.”
Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did becau you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in you wardrobe (衣柜). “Your memory itlf isn’t failing you,” says Schacter. “Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information i
t needed.”
Lack of interest can also lead to abnt-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,” says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.” Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly becau they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.
Visual cues can help prevent abnt-mindedness, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available,” he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication (药物) with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table — don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourlf a note that you keep in a pocket.
Another common episode of abnt-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something el. “Everyone does this from time to time,” says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.
