孙子兵法 （中英对照） 孙子兵法 The Art of War 孙武 By Sun Tzu Translated by Lionel Giles 始计第一 Laying Plans 孙子曰：兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。 Sun Tzu said： The art of war is of vital importance to the State. It is a matter of life and death， a road either to safety or to ruin. Hence it is a subject of inquiry which can on no account be neglected. 故经之以五事，校之以计，而索其情：一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰将，五曰法。 The art of war， then， is governed by five constant factors， to be taken into account in one's deliberations， when eking to determine the conditions obtaining in the field. The are： （1） The Moral Law； （2） Heaven； （3） Earth； （4） The Commander； （5） Method and discipline. 道者，令民于上同意，可与之死，可与之生，而不危也； The Moral Law caus the people to be in complete accord with their ruler， so that they will follow him regardless of their lives， undismayed by any danger. 天者，阴阳、寒暑、时制也； Heaven signifies night and day， cold and heat， times and asons. 地者，远近、险易、广狭、死生也； Earth compris distances， great and small； danger and curity； open ground and narrow pass； the chances of life and death. 将者，智、信、仁、勇、严也； The Commander stands for the virtues of wisdom， sincerely， benevolence， courage and strictness. 法者，曲制、官道、主用也。 By method and discipline are to be understood the marshaling of the army in its proper subdivisions， the graduations of rank among the officers， the maintenance of roads by which supplies may reach the army， and the control of military expenditure. 凡此五者，将莫不闻，知之者胜，
不知之者不胜。 The five heads should be familiar to every general： he who knows them will be victorious； he who knows them not will fail. 故校之以计，而索其情，曰：主孰有道？ Therefore， in your deliberations， when eking to determine the military conditions， let them be made the basis of a comparison， in this wi：—— 将孰有能？天地孰得？法令孰行？兵众孰强？士卒孰练？赏罚孰明？吾以此知胜负矣。 （1） Which of the two sovereigns is imbued with the Moral law？ （2） Which of the two generals has most ability？ （3） With whom lie the advantages derived from Heaven and Earth？ （4） On which side is discipline most rigorously enforced？ （5） Which army is stronger？ （6） On which side are officers and men more highly trained？ （7） In which army is there the greater constancy both in reward and punishment？ By means of the ven considerations I can forecast victory or defeat. 将听吾计，用之必胜，留之；将不听吾计，用之必败，去之。 The general that hearkens to my counl and acts upon it
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， will conquer： let such a one be retained in command！ The general that hearkens not to my counl nor acts upon it， will suffer defeat： ——let such a one be dismisd！ 计利以听，乃为之势，以佐其外。 While heading the profit of my counl， avail yourlf also of any helpful circumstances over and beyond the ordinary rules. 势者，因利而制权也。 According as circumstances are favorable， one should modify one's plans. 兵者，诡道也。 All warfare is bad on deception. 故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之远，远而示之近。
面膜十大品牌 Hence，when able to attack，we must em unable；when using our forces，we must em inactive；when we are near， we must make the enemy believe we are far away； when far away， we must make him believe we are near. 利而诱之，乱而取之， Hold out baits to entice the enemy. Feign disorder， and crush him. 实而备之，强而避之， If he is cure at all points， be prepared for him. If he is in superior strength， evade him. 怒而挠之，卑而骄之， If your opponent is of choleric temper， ek to irritate him. Pretend to be weak， that he may grow arrogant. 佚而劳之，亲而离之， If he is taking his ea， give him no rest. If his forces are united， parate them. 攻其无备，出其不意。 Attack him where he is unprepared， appear where you are not expected. 此兵家之胜，不可先传也。 The military devices， leading to victory， must not be divulged beforehand. 夫未战而庙算胜者，得算多也；未战而庙算不胜者，得算少也。多算胜少算，而况于无算乎！吾以此 观之，胜负见矣。 Now the general who wins a battle makes many calculations in his temple where the battle is fought. The general who los a battle makes but few calculations beforehand. Thus do many calculations lead to victory， and few calculations to defeat： how much more no calculation at all！ It is by attention to this point that I can foree who is likely to win or lo. 作战第二 II. Waging War 孙子曰：凡用兵之法，驰车千驷，革车千乘，带甲十万，千里馈粮。则内外之费，宾客之用，胶 漆之材，车甲之奉，日费千金，然后十万之师举矣。 Sun Tzu said： In the operations of war， where there are in the field a thousand swift chariots， as many heavy chariots， and a hundr
ed thousand mail-clad soldiers， with provisions enough to carry them a thousand li， the expenditure at home and at the front， including entertainment of guests， small items such as glue and paint， and sums spent on chariots and armor， will reach the total of a thousand ounces of silver per day. Such is the cost of raising an army of 100，000 men. 其用战也，胜久则钝兵挫锐，攻城则力屈， When you engage in actual fighting， if victory is long in coming， then men's weapons will grow dull and their ardor will be damped. If you lay
siege to a town， you will exhaust your strength. 久暴师则国用不足。 Again， if the campaign is protracted， the resources of the State will not be equal to the strain. 夫钝兵挫锐，屈力殚货，则诸侯乘其弊而起，虽有智者不能善其后矣。 Now， when your weapons are dulled， your ardor damped， your strength exhausted and your treasure spent， other chieftains will spring up to take advantage of your extremity. Then no man， however wi， will be able to avert the conquences that must ensue. 故兵闻拙速，未睹巧之久也。 Thus， though we have heard of stupid haste in war， cleverness has never been en associated with long delays. 夫兵久而国利者，未之有也。 There is no instance of a country having benefited from prolonged warfare. 故不尽知用兵之害者，则不能尽知用兵之利也。 It is only one who is thoroughly acquainted with the evils of war that can thoroughly understand the profitable way of carrying it on. 善用兵者，役不再籍，粮不三载， The skil
10度穿什么衣服lful soldier does not rai a cond levy， neither are his supply-wagons loaded more than twice. 取用于国，因粮于敌，故军食可足也。 Bring war material with you from home， but forage on the enemy. Thus the army will have food enough for its needs.
国之贫于师者远输，远输则百姓贫； Poverty of the State exchequer caus an army to be maintained by contributions from a distance. Contributing to maintain an army at a distance caus the people to be impoverished. 近师者贵卖，贵卖则百姓财竭， On the other hand， the proximity of an army caus prices to go up； and high prices cau the people's substance to be drained away. 财竭则急于丘役。 When their substance is drained away， the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions. 力屈中原、内虚于家，百姓之费，十去其七；公家之费，破军罢马，甲胄矢弓，戟盾矛橹，丘牛大车， 十去其六。 With this loss of substance and exhaustion of strength， the homes of the people will be stripped bare， and three-tenths of their income will be dissipated； while government expens for broken chariots， worn-out hors， breast-plates and helmets， bows and arrows， spears and shields， protective mantles， draught-oxen and heavy wagons， will amount to four-tenths of its total revenue. 故智将务食于敌，食敌一钟，当吾二十钟；□①杆一石，当吾二十石。 Hence a wi general makes a point of foraging on the enemy. One cartload of the enemy's provisions is equivalent to twenty of one's own， and likewi a single picul of his provende
r is equivalent to twenty from one's own store. 【注：】①：“忌”加“艹”头。 故杀敌者，怒也；取敌之利者，货也。 Now in order to kill the enemy， our men must be roud to anger； that there may be advantage from defeating the enemy， they must have their rewards. 狗肉的做法
车战得车十乘以上，赏其先得者而更其旌旗。车杂而乘之，卒善而养之，是谓胜敌而益强。 Therefore in chariot fighting， when ten or more chariots have been taken， tho should be rewarded who took the first. Our own flags should be substituted for tho of the enemy， and the chariots mingled and ud in conjunction with ours. The captured soldiers should be kindly treated and kept. This is called， using the conquered foe to augment one's own strength. 故兵贵胜，不贵久。 In war， then， let your great object be victory， not lengthy campaigns. 故知兵之将，民之司命。国家安危之主也。 Thus it may be known that the leader of armies is the arbiter of the people's fate，the man on whom it depends whether the nation shall be in peace or in peril. 谋攻第三 III. Attack by Stratagem 孙子曰：夫用兵之法，全国为上，破国次之；全军为上，破军次之；全旅为上，破旅次之；全卒 为上，破卒次之；全伍为上，破伍次之。 Sun Tzu said：In the practical art of war，the best thing of all is to take the enemy's country whole and intact； to shatter and destroy it is not so good. So， too， it is better to recapture an army entire than to destroy it， to capture a regiment， a detachment or a company entire than to destroy them. 是故百战百胜，非善之善也；不
战而屈人之兵，善之善者也。 Hence to fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence； supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy's resistance without fighting. 故上兵伐谋，其次伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城。 Thus the highest form of generalship is to balk the enemy's plans； the next best is to prevent the junction of the enemy's forces； the next in order is to attack the enemy's army in the field； and the worst policy of all is to besiege walled cities. 攻城之法，为不得已。修橹轒辒，具器械，三月而后成；距堙，又三月而后已。 The rule is， not to besiege walled cities if it can possibly be avoided. The preparation of mantlets， movable shelters， and various implements of war， will take up three whole months； and the piling up of mounds over against the walls will take three months more. 将不胜其忿而蚁附之，杀士卒三分之一，而城不拔者，此攻之灾也。 The general， unable to control his irritation， will launch his men to the assault like swarming ants， with the
result that one-third of his men are slain， while the town still remains untaken. Such are the disastrous effects of a siege. 故善用兵者，屈人之兵而非战也，拔人之城而非攻也，毁人之国而非久也， Therefore the skillful leader subdues the enemy's troops without any fighting； he captures their cities without laying siege to them； he overthrows their kingdom without lengthy operations in the field. 必以全争于天下，故兵不顿而利可全，此谋攻
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之法也。 With his forces intact he will dispute the mastery of the Empire， and thus， without losing a man， his triumph will be complete. This is the method of attacking by stratagem. 故用兵之法，十则围之，五则攻之，倍则分之， It is the rule in war，if our forces are ten to the enemy's one，to surround him；if five to one，to attack him； if twice as numerous， to divide our army into two. 敌则能战之，少则能逃之，不若则能避之。 If equally matched， we can offer battle； if slightly inferior in numbers， we can avoid the enemy； if quite unequal in every way， we can flee from him. 故小敌之坚，大敌之擒也。 Hence， though an obstinate fight may be made by a small force， in the end it must be captured by the larger force. 夫将者，国之辅也。辅周则国必强，辅隙则国必弱。 Now the general is the bulwark of the State；if the bulwark is complete at all points；the State will be strong； if the bulwark is defective， the State will be weak. 故君之所以患于军者三： There are three ways in which a ruler can bring misfortune upon his army：—— （1） 不知军之不可以进而谓之进，不知军之不可以退而谓之退，是谓縻军； （1）By commanding the army to advance or to retreat，being ignorant of the fact that it cannot obey. This is called hobbling the army. （2） 不知三军之事而同三军之政，则军士惑矣； （2） By attempting to govern an army in the same way as he administers a kingdom， being ignorant of the conditions which obtain in an army. This caus restlessness in the soldier's minds. （3）不知三军之权而同三军之任，则军士疑矣。 （3） By employing the officers of his army without discrimination， through ignorance of the military principle
of adaptation to circumstances. This shakes the confidence of the soldiers. 三军既惑且疑，则诸侯之难至矣。是谓乱军引胜。 But when the army is restless and distrustful， trouble is sure to come from the other feudal princes. This is simply bringing anarchy into the army， and flinging victory away. 故知胜有五：知可以战与不可以战者胜，识众寡之用者胜，上下同欲者胜，以虞待不虞者胜，将能而 君不御者胜。此五者，知胜之道也。 Thus we may know that there are five esntials for victory：（1） He will win who knows when to fight and when not to fight. （2） He will win who knows how to handle both superior and inferior forces. （3） He will win who army is animated by the same spirit throughout all its ranks. （4） He will win who， prepared himlf， waits to take the enemy unprepared. （5） He will win who has military capacity and is not interfered with by the sovereign. 故曰：知己知彼，百战不贻；不知彼而知己，一胜一负；不知彼不知己，每战必败。 Hence the saying： If you know the enemy and know yourlf， you nee食品安全法解读>北大资源学院
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