Abstract
As a special image type in literary works, prostitutes are always favored by both writers and readers becau they reflect the social reality as well as the human nature more truely and deeply than the others. Through his keen obrvation and unique perspective, Maupassant described a large number of prostitutes that belong to different class, different regions, and have different characteristics, different life experience. Bad on realism, Maupassant showed fully the characteristic feature and mirable fate of prostitutes. Besides exploring deeply into the social as well as cultural origins which pulls women into isarable lives, Maupassant also uncovered and criticid the forced prostitution of capitalist society.
如何正确学习Taking the 53 short novels which appears prostitute wrote by Maupassant as study object , making the development of prostitute system of France in 19th century and the transformation of prostitution industry as skeleton, througe detailed analysis and classfying, the prostitutes are classfied into three types: legal prostitutes, illegal prostitutes and potential prostitutes. Combined Maupassant’s life experience and literary thoughts with the thoery of Jungian psychology, the origin why Maupassant created so many pristitute images is investigated. Bad on a fully exploration of image characterastics, the prostitute images are studied and interpreted from fields of feminist, sociology, a
上海工商网官网esthetic,etc..It is believed that why Maupassant creates so many prostitute images is just becau of his life experience in childhood. It injected personnality background to his life, which formed his prostitute complex. The prostitute images are not only a reflection of his outlook of life, value, female and aesthetic, but also his careful obrvaton and unique nsibility of life as a great realistic writer. The images are an merciless expo and lash of the evil capitalist system and ugly social realities, they are also Maupassant’s deeply thinking and hardly exploration of life and reality. By tting the typical images into various typical environments, Maupassant not only expod the greedy and ugliness , but also praid the goodness and glorious of human nature. He also exhibited the distortion of human nature caud by the fallen social enironment and the small and helpless of singal person in the society, as well as eulogized
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the noble souls that came out of mud unsoiled, which deepened and promoted his works’ aesthetic significance and artistic value.
Key Words: Maupassant; Short stories; Prostitute; Image interpretation; realism
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绪 论
被誉为“短篇小说之王”的法国著名作家居伊·德·莫泊桑（ Guy de Maupassant，1850-1893），是法国文学史上短篇小说创作数量最大、成就最高的作家之一。其所创作的短篇小说塑造了比以往任何时代、任何作家都全面的人物形象，从贵族阶级到大资本家，从城市小资产阶级到小市民，从乡野村夫到女仆，还有妓女等社会特殊群体，涵盖了社会的各个阶层，好似一部“人物百科全书”。由此，也引发了学界研究莫泊桑短篇小说人物形象的一股浪潮。算理是什么意思
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在莫泊桑笔下的众多人物形象中，妓女形象因其占比之大、出镜率之高而引起了研究者更多的关注。如此数量众多、形态各异的妓女形象，究竟缘何而来，反映了作者怎样的人生观与价值观，又具有怎样的文学与审美价值，值得进行研究。国内外学者对此已经进行了一定程度的研究，取得了部分研究成果，但是也存在一定程度的不足与缺失，亟待进行更深层次的发掘与完善。
第一节 研究现状三角形物品图片
一、国外研究现状
国外对莫泊桑及其作品的研究开始较早。自莫泊桑借《羊脂球》这篇完美之作闪亮登陆法国文坛后，便广受西方文艺界及评论界的关注。与莫泊桑同时代的法国文学批评家于勒·勒梅特尔指出，在世界文
学史上“莫泊桑几乎是一位无可指责的作家”。俄国作家屠格涅夫称赞莫泊桑为19世纪法国文坛“最卓越的天才”。莫泊桑的良师益友左拉在莫泊桑的葬礼上称赞其作品“无限地丰富多彩，无不精彩绝伦，令人叹为观止。……啊，多么流畅，多么清澈甘甜的泉涌，但愿世世代代的人们都能得此开怀畅饮。”①20世纪对莫泊桑的研究逐渐丰富。让·托拉瓦尔所著《从不同稿本看莫泊桑的小说艺术》（摩纳哥国家印刷所，1950年）及安德烈·维亚尔所著《莫泊桑与小说艺术》（尼赛出版社，1954年），都对莫泊桑的小说创作手法及艺术特色进行了研究；阿尔廷·阿
①（法）左拉《在莫泊桑葬礼上的演说》，世界中学生文摘2008年第7期，第9页。
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