授课内容 | THE WHOLE COMPOSITION | |
所需课时 | 12学时 | |
主要教材或 参考资料 | 1丁往道 《英语写作手册》 外语教学与研究出版社 2蔡基刚 《大学英语写作教程》芥末怎么吃 高等教育出版社 | |
教学目标 | Aim for knowledge: l To know the steps in writing. a composition. Aim for ability: To follow some principles in English writing. | |
教学重点 | Steps in writing a composition Organization’ Types of writing | |
教学难点 | Exposition and Argumentation | |
教学方法 | Explaining by examples; practice | |
教学内容及 时间安排 | 1 Planning a composition 0.5 period 2 Types of outlines 1 period 3 Organization 1.5 periods 4, Types of writing 8 periods 5. Exercis 1 period | |
学习指导 | To read more sample writings. | |
作业及思考题 | 1. Do the exercis on Page 247-261 2. Write at least 4 pieces of writing in four different types. | |
教研室审阅意见 | 同意上述安排。 教研室主任签字： | |
教 学 程 序 | ||
教学的基本内容 | 时间安排 教学方法 | |
The Whole Composition Steps in Writing a Composition I. Planning a Composition 1. Try to think of as many relevant facts as one can and write them down. 2. Try to find a proper thesis or theme. 3. Look at the list of facts again, eliminate tho unnecessary or unimportant ones. 4. Rearrange them in a logical order, and write an outline. 电脑病毒有哪些II. Writing an outline You should create headings for the introduction, body, and conclusion and clearly signal shifts between the main speech parts on the outline. U standard outline format. For instance, you can u Roman numerals, letters, and numbers to label the parts of the outline. Organize the information so the major headings contain general information and the sub-headings become more specific as they descend. Think of the outline as a funnel: you should make broad, general claims at the top of each part of the outline and then tighten the information until you have exhausted the point. Do this with each ction of the outline. Be sure to consult with your instructor about specific aspects of the outline and refer to your cour book for further information and examples. The outline quickly and clearly shares your content and thesis with the reader. In the early stages of your rearch, an outline will help you to organize your ideas and material. Later in the rearch process, a more detailed outline will help you unify and refine your final paper. Whether formal or informal in style, outlines aid clear thinking and well-developed ideas. The most important rule for outlining form is to be consistent! An outline can u topic or ntence structure. A topic outline us words or phras for all entries and us no punctuation after entries. Advantages: prents a brief overview of work and is generally easier and faster to write than a ntence outline. A ntence outline us complete ntences for all entries and us correct punctuation. Advantages: prents a more detailed overview of work including possible topic ntences and is easier and faster for writing the final paper. You should start your outline by identifying your thesis statement. Then you clarify the progression of your argument as follows: I. U Roman Numerals to identify the ction of your paper. (e.g. Arguments for, Arguments against, background information, biographical information, Evaluation, etc) A. U Capital letters under each Roman Numeral (Be sure to indent!) to prent your arguments within tho ctions. (e.g. under a paper ction called "Advantages of studying at ISP" you may have international community, International Baccalaureate, competitive education). 1. U numbers to list the details or facts that you will u to back up the claims made by the Capital letters. Sample outline Thesis: The war on drugs will do far more to control and eliminate illegal drug u in the USA than will the legalization of drugs. 什么是死锁I. Epidemic proportions of drug problem in last decade have prompted efforts at all levels of society to address problem A. Three pronged effort of President's war on drugs - overview 1. enforcement 2. education 3. treatment B. Legalization also propod by many as solution - overview of sketchy implementation plan II. Arguments in favor of legalization A. Takes away criminal element 1. citation of Amsterdam experiment - Goldblatt 2. analogy to legalized prostitution in Europe, Nevada B. Government can control drug quality and quantity 1. FDA supervision 2. more personnel and support required C. More revenue to support prevention and education 1. estimates of revenue by Scheffer study 2. analogy to revenue from state liquor operations - Maine, Oklahoma III. Arguments against legalization A. Violates moral/ethical principles of country 1. Taber's asssment of constitutional intention 2. Heritage Foundation study B. Makes drugs permanent fixture of society 1. analogy to prostitution - Ronburg study 2. normalization lowers standards - Whitten's study C. Encourages greater drug u by wider spectrum of urs 1. Post Vietnam study of mid size American cities 2. Impact on middle class and youth - Fallow's views D. Subsidizes addiction with public money 1. Amsterdam argument - Goldblatt's rebuttal E. Does not address caus of addiction - inner city survey from 1996 Some principles to write an outline: Refer to textbook 149-150. The writing of opening paragraphs 1. 开门见山法： Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment. We’re all ud to thinking that work provides the material things of life---the goods and rvices that make possible our modern civilization. But we are much less conscious of the extent to which work provides the more intangible, but more crucial, psychological wellbeing that can make the difference between a full and an empty life 2.定义法： By “Haste makes waste” is meant that one should do everything step by step. Even simple operations can easily be spoiled if we rush to complete them, neglecting important stages in the progress. One should make full preparations before beginning any task. 3.引语法： There is an old saying, ”Spare the rod and spoil the child.” Beethoven’s father made a very strict demand on his son and scolded him bitterly whenever he was lazy or disobedient. In order to grow healthily, the child must be nt to some places where life is hard if possible and undergo the difficulty. 4. 设问法： More and more people are getting old in this society. Then, who should take care of the old people? My answer to this question is that the society, their children and the old men themlves should shoulder the responsibility together.微信封面图片 5. 对立法：（从反面观点引出作者正面观点） (1) Most Americans believe that our society of consumption-happy, gun-loving, jet-traveling. People create the greatest happiness for the great number. Contrary to this vies, I believe that our prent way of life leads to increasing anxiety, helplessness and ,eventually, to the disintegration of our culture. (2) We hear a lot about the negative affects of television on the viewer. Obviously, television can be harmful if it is watched constantly to the exclusion of other activities. However, when television is watched in moderation, it is extremely valuable, as it provides relaxation, entertainment and education. The writing of concluding paragraphs •1. 结论+建议： （1） In a word, the TV advertiment has already permeated the lives of people. So it is very difficult to say clearly that the advertiment is good or bad. In my opinion, I certainly hope that TV advertiments ought to be reduced a little in the near future. (2) Perhaps becau television is such a powerful force, we like to criticize it, and arch for its flaws. However, the benefits of television should not be ignored. We can u television to relax, to have fun, and to make ourlves smarter. This electronic wonder, then, is a rvant, not a master. (3) Disappointments are unwelcome, but regular, visitors to everyone’s life. We can feel depresd about them or we can try to escape form them, The best thing, though, is to accept a disappointment and them try to u it somehow; step over the unwelcome visitor on the doorstep and get on with life. •2. 反诘型： • There is some truth in both arguments, but I think the safety of human lives and property outweighs the entertainment of tting off fireworks. If what have brought to us is, in fact, misfortune, but not good luck, why not have them banned? Without fireworks, can’t we come up with better and safer ways to celebrate the New Year’s Day? Principles to follow in body writing 1. Unity (Relating evidence) 2. Coherent (good logic and reasoning) 3. Good transition 4. Variety in ntences Ways to develop the body 1. Example and generalization 2.Compare and contrast 3.Cau and effect Gathering of some opinions: What are the advantages and disadvantages of the internet? FOR: •1. It is convenient. •2. It saves us a lot of time./It makes us work more efficiently. •3. It saves us much money. •4. It also plays an important role in education. •5. We can make a lot of friends from different background. •6. It stimulates our interest and curiosity in computer science. AGAINST 1. It wastes a lot if time of children. • It tears children away from learning, their main task. They distract children’s attention form their studies. •2. It is harmful to children’s physical health. •3. It is harmful to children’s psychological development. •Spending too much time in front of the little screen, children tend to be isolated, unsociable and lf-centered somehow. What is more, internet contains violence and photography. •It makes copyright laws easier to be violated. 打越南中国死了多少人Raising Pets FOR: •1. Walking the pets is beneficial to the owner’s health too, especially to old people. •2. Good to mental health. They can bring spiritual consolation to old people. With the help of pets, they can dispel the feeling of loneliness. •3. Some practical us. •4. Do favor to children’s psychological development. (They can learn to be considerate and tolerant.) •5. Bring amument to us. AGAINST •1. Wastes us a lot of time. 展示空间设计•2. Cost us much money. •3. Harmful to our physical health. •4. Raising pets ahs a negative influence on the relationship between neighbors. Types of Writing: Narrative Writing tells a personal or fictional experience or tells a story bad on a real or imagined event. 托收承付结算方式Expository writing is writing that is designed to convey information or explain what is difficult to understand. Pursuasive writing attempts to convince the reader to accept a particular point of view or to take a specific action. 武夷山攻略Sample writing: Refer to the textbook. | 30 minutes to tell the right steps in planning a composition 30 minutes to explain the two types of outline with their respective requests. 30 minutes to write an outline in class 2 periods to introduce some methods to begin or end a composition 2 periods to train the students to compo some ideas on certain topics 4 periods to explain the four types of writing | |
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