高分子化学常见名词（中英文）
∙ 大尺度日本动漫Biopolymer
A polymer produced by a living plant, animal fungus, bacterium, or other biological entity.
生物高分子：生物高分子是一种由活的植物、生物真菌、细菌或其他生物体提炼出的一种聚合物。
∙ Ceiling Temperature
Above a certain temperature, monomers can no longer be persuaded to form polymers by chain polymerisation. This occurs when the loss in entropy arising from joining many molecules into one outweighs the energetic benefit of converting double bonds to single bonds. A chain-growth polymer raid above the ceiling temperature will degrade, or depolymeri.
聚合上限温度：单体聚合时，当聚合和解聚处于平衡状态，这时的聚合温度称为聚合上限温度。当反应温度高于聚合上限温度时，聚合物会解聚成小分子单体。
∙ Plastic
What most people think of when they think of polymers. Strictly speaking, a plastic is a polymeric material that can be molded into different shapes when heated (a thermoplastic) - this is true for most of the materials mentioned on this website, including poly(styrene), nylon66, PVC, and PET. Some misguided people say nasty things about plastic, but it wouldn't be everywhere if it wasn't (a) incredibly uful and (b) incredibly cheap.
塑料：从严格意义上来讲，塑料（热塑性）是一种加热后可以浇铸成不同形状的聚合物，包括聚苯乙烯、尼龙66、PVC、PET等。
∙ Elastomer
A polymer that, when deformed (stretched, twisted, spindled, mutilated, etc.) springs back into its original shape. The elastomer par excellence is lightly-crosslinked natural rubber.
弹性体：弹性体是一种发生形变（如拉伸、扭转、损坏等）后能够恢复原始形状的聚合物。性能最优异的弹性体是轻度交联的天然橡胶。
∙ Fiber 童年趣事作文500字
Fibers are polymers that have very high resistance to deformation-they undergo only low elongation( <10-50%) and have very high moduli(>35000N/cm2) and tensile strengths (>35000N/cm2).
纤维：纤维是一种具有较高抗变形能力的高聚物。其伸长率小（<10-50％），模量很高(>35000N/cm2)，抗张强度很高(>35000N/cm2)。
∙ Synthetic Rubber
Any synthetic polymer that mimics the properties of natural rubber. One of the earliest was ABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene) rubber, a copolymer containing long gments of each of tho three monomers.
合成橡胶：合成橡胶的性能类似于天然橡胶的性能。最早的合成橡胶品种是ABS（丙烯腈－丁二烯－苯乙烯）橡胶。
∙ Free Radical
A member of the socialist party not caught by McCarthy's inquisition. Also a molecule which has an odd number of electrons. The "unpaired" electron feels lonely and wants to
find a friend. If it finds something that might be willing to give it an electron it reacts very quickly with it. Molecules such as other radicals and alkenes turn out to be good things for radicals to attack. The reaction of radicals with the double bonds in alkenes is how some of us earn our living.
自由基：化合物中共价键发生均裂时，共价键上两个电子分属于两个基团，这种带独电子的基团呈中性。
∙ Side groups
All the carbon bad polymers you will find mentioned on this site have the structure -C-C-C-C-C-C- etc. Anything hanging off that centre chain that is not a hydrogen atom is a side group.
侧基：任何悬挂在高分子主链上的非氢原子均称为侧基。
∙ Functional Group
摄影技巧教程An atom or group of atoms that has similar chemical behavior, no matter what the rest of the molecule looks like. For example, the hydroxy (OH) group in all alcohols has similar r
eactivity, as does the thio (SH) group in all thiols.
柳宗元的诗官能团：分子中存在的一部分原子、原子团或特征结构，容易发生体现分子主要性质的某些特征反应，因此称它们为官能团。
∙ Hydrogen bond
The strongest attraction between two dipoles is when one or both of them involves a bond between hydrogen and a strongly electronegative atom, like oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen. Becau hydrogen only has one electron, if it forms a bond with an element that is very keen to grab an electron, it becomes much more positive than an element that has plenty of other electrons left to hang around the positively charged nucleus. Dipole-dipole interactions between the sort of molecules (like water {H2O}, ammonia {NH3}, hydrofluoric acid{HF}) are so much stronger than ordinary dipole-dipole bonds that we give them the special name of 'hydrogen bonds'.
氢键：氢键是极性很强的X－H键上的氢原子与另外一个键上电负性很大的原子上的孤对电子相互吸引而形成的一种键。氢键作用力比一般的偶极间相互作用力大。氢键具有饱和性和方向性。
∙ Oligomer
描写秋天的词语An oligomer is a molecule which is formed from a few smaller (identical) molecules joined together. Just as a monomer is one (mono) unit (mer) and a dimer is two (di) units, an oligomer is a few units.
低聚物：低聚物是几个分子单元连接而成的分子。
∙ Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is a reaction where water attacks a part of a molecule, usually breaking it up. An example of hydrolysis is the breaking of the ester linkages to form a soap out of an oil. In this reaction, the ester linkage is broken, releasing an alcohol and an acid.
水解：水解是水攻击分子时使其发生断裂的反应。如，酯键水解，释放出醇和酸。
∙ Nylon
A class of polymers that is widely u in the clothing industry (amongst others). Their common feature is the prence of a -C(O)-NH- link between monomer units. This is also called a peptide bond. See Nylon 66 and Nylon 6.
尼龙：尼龙是广泛用于纤维工业的聚合物品种。其共性是单体之间形成了酰胺键。主要品种有尼龙6、尼龙66等。
∙ Nylon 6公才公望
Another form of nylon that us only one monomer英语幽默小故事 unit (not two). This monomer is difunctional with a carboxylic acid group at one end and an amine. group at the other. The condensation reaction between two such molecules produces an amide bond in the same way as the synthesis of Nylon 66. The monomer ud is (I think) 7-amine-1-heptanoic acid.
尼龙6：尼龙6仅由一种单体－己内酰胺聚合而成。也可由7－氨基－1－庚酸自缩聚而成。
∙ Nylon 66
A polymer widely ud in a fibrous form in fabrics as well as solid lumps of plastic (e.g. in chopping boards and bearings). Nylon 66 may be formed from the condensation polymerisation of 1,6-hexadiamine and 1,8-octadioic acid, although modern industrial process have improved upon the reactions by ionising the reagents to the hexadiam
monium and 1,8-octadioate ions before the reaction is undertaken.
尼龙66：尼龙66是以纤维形态广泛用于织物中的一种聚合物，尼龙66可由己二胺和己二酸缩聚而成。工业生产中是通过二元胺和二元酸的中和形成66盐的方法实现官能团的等当量比。
