“原因”的表达⽅式—3（短语介词2）
2. by reason of 因为，由于，⽤法与 on (the) ground of 相似，强调原因。
孙悟空卡通
By reason of his lameness the boy couldn’t play games. 由于跛⾜，那男孩不能参加游戏。
We succeeded by reason of good organization.
The arrangement was cancelled by reason of his illness. 因为他⽣病，原先的安排被取消了。
He is dismisd by reason of neglect of his duty. 由于玩忽职守他被免职了。
Mr. Mark’s lawyer pleaded him not guilty of crime by reason of his insanity.
马克先⽣的律师为他作⽆罪辩护，因为他患有精神错乱症。
He put in for his job transferring by reason of not adapting to the prent job.
他提出调动⼯作的请求，原因是他不适应⽬前的⼯作。
He is consulted regarding such problems by reason of his long experience.
因为他有丰富的经验，所以有关这样的问题都请教他。
He was excud by reason of his age .他因为年龄关系⽽被原谅。
8. on the ground of 侧重指“以……为理由”“以……为借⼝”，从语⽓上更强调原因。常⽤on the ground of，冠词the 有时省略，还可说 on grounds of 。
He was obliged to retire at early fifty on the ground of his failing health.
由于健康状况不佳，他不得不在50岁就早早退休。
The insurance company is likely to refu compensation on the ground of improper packing, or packing unsuitable for a voyage.
保险公司会借⼝包装不当、或包装不适合于海运为由⽽拒绝赔偿。
No plea can be t up on the ground of ignorance. 以⽆知为理由⽽提出的抗辩是不能成⽴的。
He refud to disclo what had been told him, on the ground of his promi to keep cret.
冬至是什么意思他拒绝吐露⼈家告诉他的事，理由是他承诺保守秘密。
We have to stay at home on grounds of the heavy rain. 因下⼤⾬，我们不得不呆在家⾥。
出于，由于。表⽰动机的起因，常译为“出于……” (接近from)
9. out of 出于，由于
手写的从前歌词We performed the experiments out of necessity. 我们出于需要才做了这些实验。
She asked the question out of curiosity. 她问这个问题是由于好奇。
They have done that out of concern for thechildren. 他们这样做是出于对孩⼦们的关怀.
10. on the score of 由于，因为
He was abnt on the score of his health.
11. by right of 凭借，由于，因为
形容哭的句子The Normans ruled English by right of conquest. 诺曼⼈借征服的⼒量统治英国。conquest征服
He inherited his father by right of his primogeniture. 他凭着长⼦继承权，继承了他⽗亲的财产。
白羊男天秤女
黄疸是什么引起的She spoke first, by right of her position as director. 她⾸先讲话，因为她的职位是主管。
This land is ours by right of conquest. 这块⼟地是我们攻占得来的。
She is British by right of birth. 她因出⽣在英国⽽拥有英国公民权。
12. by(in) virtue of侧重指“凭靠”，“凭借”的意思，也有因为的意思。（多⽤于书⾯语）
By virtue of your promi to advance me $500, I bought it yesterday.多亏你答应预⽀我$500，我昨天才把东西买下。By virtue of the position he held, he was able to move about freely.由于他担任重要职务，他能够⾃由地出⼊。Plastic bags are uful for holding many kinds of food, in virtue of theire clearness, toughness, and low cost.
民主生活会总结
塑料袋可⽤来装各种⾷品，因为它清洁，耐⽤⼜价廉。
He had won the game by virtue of his strength of will. 他靠意志⼒赢了这场⽐赛。
The player defeated his rivals by virtue of greater experience. 这位选⼿凭借更丰富的经验战胜了对⼿。
He was given an important position in the company by virtue of his long association with the broad.
他凭靠与董事局长期的关系在公司谋得⼀个重要职位。
She is allowed to do as she wishes by virtue of the fact that she is the manager's daughter.
她可为所欲为，因为她是经理的⼥⼉。
By virtue of its super quality, this product is often sold out in many areas.
这种产品因其卓越的品质常常在许多地区卖到断货。
He became a champion at last in virtue of his perverance. 凭着坚韧不拔的精神，他终于成为冠军。
He pasd the examination by virtue of hard work. 由于努⼒⼯作，他通过了考试.
13. in (the) light of 鉴于，由于
He reviewed his decision in light of recent development. 他根据最近事态的发展重新考虑⾃⼰的决定。
In light of the changes, we must revi our plan. 由于发⽣这些变化，我们必须修改计划。revi 修
正，校正鉴于，由于。书⾯语，侧重指“鉴于（由于）出现某种情况，因⽽ …… ”，“考虑到某种情况……，因此……”
14. in view of 鉴于，由于
In view of the recent development, we do not think this step advisable. 由于最近事态发展，我们认为这⼀步不可取。
In view of the committee’s criticisms of him, he felt he had to resign.
In view of your departure tomorrow, can you spare me a few moments to talk over the problem?
鉴于你明天就要离开，你能借我⼏分钟讨论⼀下这个问题吗?
In view of the recent development, they are advid not take any action for the time being.
鉴于最近的发展，眼下他们最好不要采取任何⾏动。
In view of the feeble health，we persuaded him not to go field scientific expedition with us.
鉴于他⾝体虚弱，我们说服他不要随我们⼀起去野外科学考察。
In view of the prent situation, we'll have to revi our original plan. 基于⽬前这种情况，我们不得不修改原来的计划In view of our long-standing relationship, we agree to allow you a discount.考虑到我们长期的关系，我⽅同意给你⽅折扣。
In view of the facts, it emed uless to continue. 由这些事实看来，继续下去似乎是⽆效的.
15. by means of ⽤，依靠
He succeeded by means of perverance. 他靠坚忍不拔的毅⼒获得成功。
The burglar entered the hou by means of ladder. 窃贼⽤梯⼦爬进了房间。
的缘故，⽤于书⾯语。也可⽤in a conquence of
16. as a conquence of 因为，由于--的缘故
As a conquence of the long drought, we are extremely shot of water. 由于长期⼲旱，我们⾮常缺⽔。As a conquence of his laziness, he was fired. 由于懒惰，他被解雇了。
In conquence of his ill health,he lost the opportunity. 由于⾝体⽋佳，他失去了这次机会.
我的历史记录
17. in consideration of 考虑到，由于
He made a forgivable mistake in consideration of his ignorance. 他由于⽆知所犯的错误可以原谅。18. for fear of 由于，害怕……
They are afraid to speak for fear of making errors.
He left an hour early for fear of missing the train.
They are afraid to speak for fear of making errors.他们不敢讲话是因为害怕出错。
19. by occasion of 由于，因为
The debate was postponed by occasion of illness of one of the principal speakers.
The province suffered great loss by occasion of flood. 由于发⼤⽔，该省受灾严重。
