I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or Fal.
1.Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British
English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itlf, for
example, within British English or American English.
2.Sen is concerned with the relationship between the linguistic element and the
non-linguistic world of experience, while the reference deals with the inherent
meaning of the linguistic form.
3.Linguistic forms having the same n may have different references in different
situations.
4.In mantics, meaning of language is considered as the intrinsic and inherent relation
to the physical world of experience.
5.Contextualism is bad on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or
reduce meaning to obrvable contexts.
6.Behaviorists attempted to define the meaning of a language form as the situation in
which the speaker utters it and the respon it calls forth in the hearer.
7.The meaning of a ntence is the sum total of the meanings of all its components.
8.Most languages have ts of lexical items similar in meaning but ranked differently
预算表according to their degree of formality.
9.“it is hot.” is a no-place predication becau it contains no argument.
10.In grammatical analysis, the ntence is taken to be the basic unit, but in mantic
analysis of a ntence, the basic unit is predication, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a ntence.
II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given.
11.S________ can be defined as the study of meaning.
12.The conceptualist view holds that there is no d______ link between a linguistic form
and what it refers to.
13.R______ means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals
with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.
14.Words that are clo in meaning are called s________.
15.When two words are identical in sound, but different in spelling and meaning, they
are called h__________.
16.R_________ opposites are pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship
between the two items.
17.C____ analysis is bad upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be divided
into meaning components.
18.Whether a ntence is mantically meaningful is governed by rules called
s________ restrictions, which are constraints on what lexical items can go with what others.
19.An a________ is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the
nominal element(s) in a ntence.
20.According to the n____ theory of meaning, the words in a language are taken to be
labels of the objects they stand for.
III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.
21. The naming theory is advanced by ________.
A. Plato
B. Bloomfield
C. Geoffrey Leech
胸腔积液的原因D. Firth
22. “We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement reprents
_______.
鹤望兰花语A. the conceptualist view
B. contexutalism
C. the naming theory
D. behaviorism
23. Which of the following is not true?
A. Sen is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.
B. Sen is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form.
C. Sen is abstract and de-contextualized.
D. Sen is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are not interested in.
24. “Can I borrow your bike?” _______ “You have a bike.”
A. is synonymous with
B. is inconsistent with
C. entails
D. presuppos
25. ___________ is a way in which the meaning of a word can be discted into meaning components, called mantic features.
A. Predication analysis
B. Componential analysis
C. Phonemic analysis
D. Grammatical analysis犯而不校
26. “alive” and “dead” are ______________.
A. gradable antonyms
B. relational opposites
C. complementary antonyms
D. None of the above麦克风测试
27. _________ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the
non-linguistic world of experience.
A. Reference
B. Concept
C. Semantics
D. Sen
28. ___________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have
the same form.
A. Polymy
B. Synonymy
C. Homonymy
D. Hyponymy
29. Words that are clo in meaning are called ______________.
A. homonyms
B. polymy
C. hyponyms
D. synonyms
30. The grammaticality of a ntence is governed by _______.
A. grammatical rules
B. lectional restrictions
C. mantic rules
D. mantic features
IV. Define the following terms.
31.mantics ference
34.synonymy35.polymy 36.homonymy
37.homophones plete
穿越的电影
homonyms
40.hyponymy41.antonymy 42.componential
analysis
44.predication45.Argument
此情无计43.grammatical
meaning
46.predicate47.Two-place
predication
V. Answer the following questions.
48.Why do we say that a meaning of a ntence is not the sum total of the meanings of
all its components?
49.What is componential analysis? Illustrate it with examples.
50.How do you distinguish between entailment and presupposition in terms of truth
values?
51.How do you account for such n relations between ntences as synonymous
relation, inconsistent relation in terms of truth values?dnf赚钱
52.According to the way synonyms differ, how many groups can we classify synonyms
into? Illustrate them with examples.
53.What are the major views concerning the study of meaning? How they differ?
