语言学 定义

更新时间:2023-07-31 16:22:58 阅读:21 评论:0

Allophones音位变体:the different phones which can reprent a phoneme in different phonetic environment are called the allophones of that phoneme.
Antonymy反义词:words that are opposite in meaning are antonymys.
Behaviorism行为论--Bloomfield "situation in which the speaker utters it and the respon it calls forth in the hearer."
Competence语言能力(as the ideal ur’s knowledge of the rules of language.)
关羽被谁所杀Componential analysis分析词义:is a way propod by the structural manticists to analyze aning of a word can be discted into meaning components,called mantic features.
Contextualism语境论:J.R.Firth,the British linguist.he held the view that'We shall know a word by the company it keeps'and 'by regarding words as acts,events,habits,we limit our inquiry to what is objective in the group of life of our fellows"
飞驰人生观后感
Context语境(定义):it is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer.
Descriptive规定性(a linguistic study aims to describe and analyze the language people actually u.)
Diachronic历史研究(the description of a language as it changes through time is a diachronic study.)
Grammatical development语法发展During this stage there are no synatctic or morphological, they u no inflection for number,person,or ten,and so on.
Homonymy同形异义:refers to the phenomenon that having different meanings have the same form.
Hyponymy上下义关系:refers to the n relation between a more general,more inclusive word and a more specific word.The word which is more general in meaning is called the superordinate,and the more specific words are called its hyponyms.
Interlanguage中介语was established as learners’independent system of the cond language which is neither the native language nor the ncond language, but a continuum or approximation fron his native language to the target language.
待到春暖花开时Language acquisition语言习得refres to the child’s acquisition of his mother tongue,that comes to understand and speak the language of his community.
Language(is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols ud for human communication.;Language is
托福红宝书
arbitrary in the n that there is no intrinsic connection between a linguistic symbol and what the symbol stands for.)
Langue语言(refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. )Langue is abstract.
固执已见
Linguistics语言学(is generally defined as the scientific study of language.)
Minimal pair最小对立对:when two different forms are identical in every way expect for one sound gment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two sound combinations are said to form a minimal pair.
Morphemes词素:the most basic element of meaning is traditionally called morpheme.
morphology(形态学)refers to the study of the internal structure of words,and the rules by which words are formed.
女孩壁纸Parole言语(refers to the realization of language in actual u.)Parole is concrete.
Performance语言运用(the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication.)
Phoneme音位:a phonological unit that is of distinctive value, it’s an abstract unit.
Phone音素:the speech sounds we hear and produce during linguistic communication are all phones.
Phonological development 音韵发展The quence in which the sounds are acquired works like a system of pre-requisites.
Phra structure rule定义:special type of guammatical mechanism that regulates the arrangement of elements that make up a phra is called ~~。
phras短语:that are formed of more than one word usually contain the following elements:head,specifier and complement.
Polymy多义:different words may have the same or similar meaning,the same one word may have more than one meaning.
Pragmatics语用学(定义):it is the study of how speakers of a language u ntences to effect successful communication.
Predication analysis分析句子:the meaning of a ntence is not the sum total of the meanings of all its components,that is ,the meaning of a ntence is not to be worked out by adding up all the meaning of its constitution words.
prescriptive描述性(to tell people what they should say and what they should not say.
regional dialect 地域方言A regional dialect is a linguistic vatiety ud by people living in the same geographical region.
Register 语域The type of language which is lected as appropriate to the type of situation is a register.
Sapir-whorf gypothesis沃尔夫假说This interdependence of language and thought is now known as Sapir-Whorf gypothesis(SWH).The hypothesis is now interpreted mainly in two different ways:a strong version and weak one. While the strong version believes that the language patterns determine people’s thinking and behavior, the weak one holds that the former influence the later.
Sociolect社会方言as regional dialect is associated with paration caud by physical conditions, social dialect has to do with paration brought about by different social conditions.
Speech community语言社团(Speech community is defined as a group of people who form a community and share the same language or a particular variety of a language.)
Synchronic共识性(the description of a language at some point of time in history is a synchronic study.)
岗位调动申请书Synonymy同意关系:refers to the sameness or clo similarity of meaning.Words that are clo in meaning are called synonymys.
syntaxtic categories词汇分类:the fundamental fact about words in all human language is that they can be grouped together into a relatively small number of class,called syntaxtic categories
syntax定义:syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies how words are combined to form ntences and the rules that govern the formation of ntences.
The conceptualist view概念论:a more sophisticated and emingly more plausible view than naming is one that relates words and things through the mediation of concepts of the mind.This view
holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to;
迄今为止英语
The naming theory命名论:One of the oldest notions concerning meaning,and also the most primitive one,was the naming theory propod by the ancient Greek scholar Plato.The linguistic form or symbols,in other words,the words ud in a language are simply labels of the objects they stand for.so words are just names or labels for things.
Transformations移位:a special type of rule that can move an element from one position to another.
V ocabulary development词汇发展The most obvious fact about vocabulary development is that it
goes hand-in-hand with the child’s environment. In other words the child must learn the featres of meaning associated with each word.
voiceless轻音:the sounds produced in such a condition.
voicing浊音:vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds.

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