Unit 10 The Jeaning of America
Key to the Exercis
Text comprehension
I.
B
II.
1. F
2. T
3. T
4. T
5. T
III.
1. Becau they symbolize “a manly and legitimate passion for equality …”; They draw no distinctions and recognize no class and they are favored by all the American people.
2. Levi Strauss went West, taking with him canvas to ll for tenting. Since the canvas wasn’t suitable for tenting, he had them tailored into stiff but rugged pants which were badly demanded by miners. So Strauss was in business.
3. The word “jeans” derives from Genes, the French word for Genoa, where a similar cloth as that ud by Strauss was produced; and “blue” refers to indigo, the color Strauss had his cloth dyed, hence the pants got their name “blue jeans”.
4. At first blue jeans were largely confined to the working people of the West. During the dude ranch craze of the 1930s, they were first introduced to the East. Another boost for them came in World War II, when blue jeans were declared an esntial commodity and were sold only to people engaged in defen work.
5. Blue jeans can be purchad for the suitably proletarian look, and they adapt themlves to any sort of idiosyncratic u, and are suitable for various decorations and ornamentations.
6. The stru cture of the title is “the + v.ing + of + noun”, which indicates passive voice, like “the making of history”, while the noun “jean” is ud as a verb. So the title means that America is “jeaned” or America became jeaned, i.e. America is made a country unde r the fashion of jeans or jeans became an overwhelming fashion in America.
IV.
1. They do not show differences in the wearer’s professions and social status; they only show that the wearer is as American as most Americans in jeans.
2. For two years, he worked as a peddler of low social status, dragging heavy bags of various articles from door to door and trying to ll them, but he could barely manage to support himlf.
Structural analysis of the text
1. The incidents that led to the birth of blue jeans:
1) Levi’s accidental discovery of the need of the miners in the West for sturdy pants that would stand up to the rigors of the digging.
2) Levi’s brothers nt him brown cotton cloth made in Nimes, instead of the previous canvas.
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3) Davis fixed copper rivets on blue jeans as a kind of joke.
2. The incidents that made them popular throughout the country:
1) Blue jeans were first introduced to the East, apparently, during the dude ranch craze of the 1930s, when vacationing Easterners returned and spread the word about the wonderful pants with rivets.
2) Another boost came in World War II, when blue jeans were declared an esntial commodity and were sold only to people engaged in defen work.
Vocabulary
I. Phra
1. get around: spread 传播，流传，各处走动
2. draw no distinctions: do not indicate differences / do not distinguish people according to their social status
3. eke out a living: make just enough money to survive 艰难度日
4. jump at the opportunity: eagerly ize the opportunity 迫不及待地接受机会
5. and the like: and people or something of the same kind 诸如此类，类似的人或物
cvII.
1. favor;
2. sought after;
3. break up;
4. stand up to;
5. had run out of;
6. converts into;
7. adapted to;
8. word of mouth.
III. Word derivation
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.
1. emigration
2. exaggerated
3. adaptable
4. conversion
5. prosperity
6. demanding
7. symbolized
8. profits
IV.
咖啡因的功效1. A;
2. D;
3. B;
4. D;
5. C;
6. D;
7. B;
8. D.
V. Synonym / Antonym
Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each ntence in the n it is ud.
1. Antonym: unequally
2. Synonym: simply, just
3. Synonym: pulling, dragging
4. Synonym: significance, importance
5. Synonym: following, subquent
6. Synonym: dependability, durability
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7. Antonym: soft, flexible
8. Synonym: only
VI. Suffix
Write in each space one word that has the same suffix as underlined in each given word.
1. widen quicken
2. symbolize hospitalize
3. productive explosive
4. washable drinkable
5. education foundation
6. foolish childish
7. careless restless
8. atomic heroic
Grammar Exercis
I. Put the verbs into the simple past or past perfect.
1. had waited; turned up
2. differed
3. felt; had been ttled
4. had been read; were
5. refud; had en / saw
6. had known
7. had spoken
8. had been built; was converted; dissolved
II.
A: lost; it’s / has been; I’ve / have spent; had always spent; have
B: haven’t ever had; don’t have
A: found; had just quit
B: sounds; I’ll / shall do; did; I’d / had considered
A: I’ve / have just taken
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III.
1. √
2. had been—was
3. surprising—surprid
4. other—another
5. has—had
6. come—had come
7. have bought—buy
8. never bought—had never bought
9. assuring—assured
10. is—was
IV. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the verbs given.
1. repaired
2. educated
3. driving
4. picked
5. talking
6. disobeyed
7. walking 8. come
V. Give a negative adjective ending with -able or -ible related to the following words. (Negative prefixes include -in, -im, -il, -ir, -un, -um, etc.)
1. inconceivable;
2. imperturbable;
3. innumerable;
4. irreparable;
5. unendurable;
6. unobjectionable;
7. uncontrollable; 8. unimaginable;
9. ineradicable; 10. unsaleable / unsalable;
11. irreconcilable; 12. inexplicable.
1. agreement
2. eligibility
3. endure
4. vision
5. resist
6. move
7. convert
8. number
9. access 10. repair乡村生活的诗句
Key:
1. disagreeable
2. ineligible
3. unendurable
4. invisible
5. irresistible
6. immovable
7. inconvertible
8. innumerable
9. inaccessible 10. irreparable
Translation
I.
1.它们不辨身份，不分阶级：唯一的标签就是美国（制造的）。
2.一到美国，Levi就发现，他的两个兄弟所说的那里“遍地机会，生计容易”言过其实。
3. Levi的牛仔裤被引入东部显然是在20世纪30年代去西部牧场度假的热潮中开始的。当时许多度假回来的东部人口口相传，宣传了这种打了铆钉的神奇裤子。
4.这些裤子演变成了一种传统，同时还获得了自己独特的历史——以至于后来公司在旧金山设了一座博物馆。
II.
1. He can’t even draw a distinction between French a nd Spanish, let alone speak them.
2. In a craze for cultural relics in the 1990s, old chinaware, such as tho handed down from the Ming and Qing Dynasties, were much sought after by collectors.
3. Despite the opposition of most of his advisors, the general decided to take his chances on the battle and suffered a total defeat in the end.
4. The Chine nation has stood up to the vicissitudes of thousands of years and is now in the process of rejuvenation.
5. I wish you would confine your talk to the facts rather than spread word about the biad report in that newspaper.
6. The first thing he did after his arrival in Paris was to convert all his money into euros.
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7. That Shakespearean play was tailored to the taste of the Chine audience when it was put on the Chine stage, so much so that it was more like a Chine play than an English one.
8. You must abandon your native language for some time, if you really want to acquire a good competence in English.
Exercis for integrated skills
I. Dictation
As the eldest son of my parents / who were themlves poor, / I had to, fortunately, / begin to do some work / while still very young / in order to earn a living, / and therefore came to understand / in early boyhood / that my duty was to assist my parents / and become, as soon as possible, / a breadwinner in the family./
It was a terrible task for a lad of twelve / to ri every morning, except Sunday, / to go to the factory / while it was still dark, / and not to be relead / until after darkness came again in the evening, / with only a forty-minute break at noon./ But I was young and had my dreams, / and something within always told me / that this would not, could not, should not last / — I should some day get into a better position. / Also, I felt mylf no longer a mere boy, / but quite a little man, / and this made me happy. /
II. Cloze
(1) than (2) for (3) becau (4) of (5) that
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(6) as (7) for (8) how (9) of (10) man
Writing Practice
Paragraph development — Following the chronological order
Discussion: A paragraph can also be organized chronologically; that is, items, events, or ideas are arranged in the order in which they occur. Such a pattern is often en in narratives and process descriptions. Look at the following example:
One day, when my friend, Xiao Yang, was leaving a restaurant, two waiters stopped him, calling him “a thief,” and threatened to nd him to the police. He was struck dumbfounded and felt confud. Not until he was brought into the manager’s office did he begin to realize what was going on. When he was eating in the restaurant, he found his soup not salty enough to his liking. So he got out a salt bottle that he had brought with him and added some salt into it. As a man from North China, he invariably finds food in Shanghai too sweet and not salty enough, so he often goes around carrying a salt shaker, a very fancy bottle, in his pocket. After he ud the shaker, he put it on the table.
A few moments later, when he looked up from his plate, he suddenly found his beautiful bottle missing. He first looked under the table, and then checked all his pockets, but it was just nowhere to be found … Eventually he spotted a woman at a nearby table holding his shaker in her hand …
Develop two paragraphs bad on the first ntences given.
1. The funniest experience that I’ve ever had is once when I was jogging in a park.
Ideas for reference:
It was a fine morning and it was breezing.
It emed that he would stick to me wherever I would go.
It had all happened becau of a mistake.
