Unit 21 Human Biology
Paddle boarding (划桨冲浪) is now becoming more and more popular in the outdoor recreation (娱乐) industry. People are increasingly drawn to the sport that can be done for exerci and racing or for paddling or yoga with friends and even dogs aboard.
Taking part in standup paddle boarding in the United States has incread nearly three times from 2013 to 2016, according to a study from the Outdoor Foundation. That makes it one of the fastestgrowing outdoor sports, the foundation says.
The sport is easy to learn and can be practiced all around the world, said Jimmy Blakeney, marketing manager at BIC SUP, one of the leading companies making boards.
And there's what Blakeney calls the “cool factor (要素)” that also draws people.
“You're standing up, you're in your bikini, you're being en，” Blakeney said. “Boards are cool. A lot of young people really like being on a board more than a boat.”
The modern paddle boarding originated in Hawaii, where surfers ud paddles to get out further or do exerci when there were no waves. The sport slowly spread from Hawaii and has been around in the United States for about 10 years, Blakeney said. Growth really acce
lerated (加速) about five years ago, he added.
The Stand Up Paddle Industry Association was formed in 2012 to bring support for producers, llers and people who teach, train and organize races.
Kristin Thomas, the industry association's director, said the versatility (多功能性) of the boards is a huge draw. “It's very easy to u and yet can be as extreme as you want it to be. People are surfing huge waves. They are doing whitewater，” Thomas said.
Most of the people are recreational urs who u the boards about 10 times a year, he said. A smaller number of people, often the types who are drawn to running, u the boards for exerci and compete, Blakeney said.
Section_ⅠWarmup & Lesson 1 — Prereading[原文呈现]
100 metres in 8 conds?
Many contemporary① amateur athletes would have broken world records if they had taken part in② the first Olympic Games. Since then, records have fallen in track and field③ year after year④ as athletic performances have continually improved.
If records fall, it is usually due to better equipment, training and diet, but recently, improvements have begun to slow down⑤. At the 2000 Olympics, only three runners achieved Olympic bests⑥ with no worldrecords. Some experts predict a ceiling⑦ for many events, such as 9.5 conds for the 100 metres — Maurice Greene's current record is 9.79 conds.However, past predictions have nearly always been proved wrong.
When we talk about breaking records⑧， we come across the issue of performanceenhancing⑨ drugs. The drugs are originally developed to help people with illness⑩， but in the wrong hands⑪， they create supreme⑫ athletes making them faster and s
tronger than is normal for human beings. Taking the drugs⑬ is known as “doping⑭” and although they enhance performance, they also cau rious health problems⑮ in later life for tho who abu⑯ them.
[读文清障]
①contemporary adj.当代的，同时代的
摄影②这是一句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。主句谓语用would have done形式，if引导的虚拟条件句的谓语用had done形式。
③track and field田径运动
④year after year年复一年
⑤slow down(使)慢下来
⑥best n．最佳状态或作品，最好的东西
⑦ceiling在本句中的意思是“上限”。
⑧break records打破纪录
望梅止渴的故事⑨performanceenhancing/pə'fɔːmənsIn'hɑːnsIŋ/adj.增强表现的
⑩help sb. with sth.帮某人某事
⑪in the wrong hands错误地
⑫supreme/suː'priːm/adj.(程度)最大的，极度的
⑬taking the drugs为动名词短语作主语
⑭doping/'dəʊpIŋ/n.服兴奋剂
⑮cau rious health problems引起严重的健康问题
⑯abu/ə'bjuːs/vt.滥用
abu one's power滥用权力
百米纪录生活水准8秒？
[第1～3段译文]
假如许多当代业余选手参加了第一届奥运会的话，他们就会打破世界纪录。从那时起，由于运动成绩不断提高，田径项目的纪录每年都被刷新。
假设新纪录出现，通常是由于设施、训练及饮食得以改善了。但是近来，提高的速度开始慢下来。在2000年奥运会上，只有三名百米短跑运动员获奥运会最佳称号，然而他们却都没能破世界纪录。一些专家为许多项目成绩的上限做出了预测，如百米纪录9.5秒上网本——莫里斯·格林当前纪录则是9.79秒。然而，过去的预测往往总被证实是错误的。
谈到破纪录，我们就会碰到服用提高成绩的药物问题。研制这些药物原本是帮助人们解除病痛的，但误用到运动员身上，就会使他们在竞技比赛中超常发挥，变得更快、更强。众所周知，服用这些药就是服用“兴奋剂”。尽管兴奋剂有助于提高成绩，但同时也会给那些滥用兴奋剂的运动员在以后的生活中带来严重的健康问题。
The sports world does not tolerate⑰ doping as it is a fundamental⑱ form of cheating. Ben Johnson would still be the 100 metres world record holder if he had not been caught taking drugs⑲ in the 1988 Olympics⑳. Other records remain doubtful， like Florence Griffith's 100 metres record back in 1988. Did she take drugs？ If American athlete Marion Jones hadn't taken drugs, would she have made it to the Olympics at all?
Doping is not only a problem in athletics, it is part of every sport where athletes ek to achieve beyond their natural limits游记的特点 and are prepared to cheat to do so. In 2006 cycling fans worldwide were shocked when the winner of the annual cycling race, the Tour de France, was caught doping. Floyd Landis made veral lame excus blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but the were all in vain.He failed two drug tests.
⑰tolerate/'tɒləreIt/vt.容忍
tolerate doing sth.容忍做某事
⑱fundamental/ˌfʌndə'ment l/adj.根本的；基础的
⑲be caught doing sth.做某事当场被抓
⑳句中用了混合虚拟语气，主句与现在事实相反(would do)，从句与过去事实相反(had done)。
doubtful/'daʊtf l/adj.怀疑的，不肯定的
take drugs吸毒；服兴奋剂 make it成功
ek/siːk/vt.寻找 beyond one's limits最新男士发型超出极限
关系副词where引导定语从句，修饰every sport, where在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于in which。
annual/'ænjuəl/adj.每年的，一年一次的，年度的
lame/leIm/adj.站不住脚的，不易令人相信的
框里打勾make excus找借口
blaming medicine he ... an injury是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰excus，该结构中又含有一个定语从句(that/which) he had been taking for an injury，修饰medicine。
in vain/vein/徒然，白费力气
[第4～5硅化物段译文]
由于它是欺骗的基本形式，体育界是不会容忍运动员服用兴奋剂的。本·约翰逊如果在1988年奥运会上没有被查出服用兴奋剂的话，今天他还可能是百米世界纪录的保持者。其他一些短跑纪录至今依然让人感到怀疑。比如，弗罗伦斯·格丽菲斯1988年的百米纪录。她服兴奋剂了吗？如果美国运动员玛里昂·琼斯没有服用兴奋剂的话，她能成功地进军奥运会吗？
服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动中存在的问题，每个运动项目都存在这个问题，运动员想取得超常体育成绩而准备作弊。当2006年环法自行车赛的冠军弗洛伊德·兰蒂斯被查出服用
了兴奋剂时，举世的支持者为之哗然。弗洛伊德·兰蒂斯做了几次站不住脚的辩解，推诿说药物是为了治疗伤痛而服用的，但这些都是徒劳的。他的两次兴奋剂检测结果都呈阳性。
