现代语言学自考题-25
(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)
PART ONE
Ⅰ.There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can **plete the statement.
1.
Language acquisition is primarily the acquisition of the ______ system of language.
∙A. phonological
∙B. mantic
∙C. grammatical
∙D. communicative
A B C D
分值: 1
答案:C上海夜景
[解析] 语言习得基本上是对语言中语法系统的习得。
2.
Which of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition?
∙A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation.
∙B. Language acquisition is the species specific property of human beings.
∙C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language.
∙D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language u.
A B C D
分值: 1
答案:A
[解析] 行为主义学习理论的支持者认为儿童的言语行为是以刺激和因之而产生的反应之间的联系为条件的。按照此理论，如果儿童“差”的言语能够得以纠正，“好”的言语能够得到加强，他们就一定能逐渐掌握他们的言语社区所使用的正确的语言形式。这样，与儿童语言习得有关的行为主义学习理论认为儿童语言习得是一个习惯形成的过程。
3.
Children follow a similar ______ schedule of predictable stages along the route of language development across cultures.
∙A. learning
∙B. studying
∙C. acquisition
∙D. acquiring
公司年会开场词
A B 青岛啤酒节时间C D
分值: 1
答案:C
[解析] 尽管在语言发展的开始阶段和发展速度方面存在着个体差异，但是不同文化背景的儿童遵循着同样的语言发展的阶段或顺序。从咿呀学语的前语言阶段开始，儿童经历了独词句、双词句和多词句阶段，并随着年龄的增长逐渐地习得了成年人语言系统中的音系、形态、句法、词汇、语义和话语技巧。
4.
In general, children's holophrastic ntences begin ______.
∙A. in the late part of the first year or the early part of the cond year
∙B. in the cond half of the cond year
∙C. between two and three years old
∙D. between four and five years old
A B C D
分值: 1
答案:A
面部紧致提拉
[解析] 大约在一岁末至两岁初的某个时候，儿童的咿呀学语阶段逐渐让步于早期的可识别的语音阶段，这个阶段常常被称为独词句阶段。在这个阶段，儿童了解到了声音和意义的关系。他们开始重复使用母语中同一声音串来“意指”同一个事物。答案为A。
5.
In general, the ______ stage begins roughly in the cond half of the child's cond year.
∙A. babbling
∙B. one-word
∙C. two-word
∙D. multiword
A B C D
分值: 1
答案:C
[解析] 在两岁的某个阶段，儿童言语逐渐长了起来。儿童跨越独词句阶段的确切年龄因人而差别很大。一般来说，双词句阶段大体是从儿童两岁的后半年开始的。
荔浦芋头的家常做法6.
∙In the ______ stage, children begin to produce longer utterances with **plex grammatical structures.
A. prelinguistic
∙B. one-word
∙C. two-word
∙D. multi-word
A B 时尚太阳镜C D
分值: 1
答案:D
[解析] 在2至3岁之间，儿童们的语言发展跨越了双词句阶段，进入多词句阶段，并开始说更长的话语，其语法结构也更为复杂。
7.
By the time children are going beyond the ______ stage, they begin to incorporate some of the inflectional morphemes.
∙A. telegraphic
∙B. multiword
除水垢
∙C. two-word
∙D. one-word
A B C D
分值: 1
答案:A
[解析] 随着电报式言语的提高，大量的句法语素开始出现在儿童的言语中。他们学会了用屈折语素来表示语法功能。
8.
Basically all the following categories except ______ are always missing in the children's telegraphic speech stage.
∙A. the copula verb "be"
∙B. inflectional morphemes
∙C. function words
∙D. content words
A B C D
分值: 1
答案:D
[解析] 儿童的早期多词句有一个非常特别的特征，即通常缺少屈折词素和大多数的次要词类范畴，比如表示动词不定式的小品词to，冠词the，助动词can，以及系动词be的各种形式等功能词都很难见到。多词句中出现的通常是一些实词，用以传达主要信息。因其与电报中的语言风格相似，故这一语言习得阶段的话语通常被称为电报式言语。
9.
It is suggested that children begin to develop the articulatory movements needed to produce the phonemic distinctions of their language ______.
∙A. after they master the phonemic contrasts
∙B. before they master the phonemic contrasts
∙C. long before they master the phonemic contrasts
∙D. while they were mastering the phonemic contrasts
A B C D
分值: 1
答案:B
[解析] 研究表明，早在儿童掌握他们母语中的音素差别之前，他们就已经开始做出相关发音器官的各种动作，以便在实际的会话中发出这些语音差别。
10.
Children are learning to distinguish between the sounds of their language and the sounds that are not part of the language during the period that ______.
∙A. children start to produce babbling sounds
∙B. children have just learned to produce babbling sounds
∙C. children's babbling has become the same as the sound pattern of the language they are acquiring
∙D. children's babbling becomes more similar to the sound pattern of the language they are acquiring
A B C D
分值: 1
答案:D
[解析] 儿童的咿呀学语声逐渐接近于他们习得的语言的语音模式，就是说，在这个阶段儿童开始学会区别哪些是他们本族语中的音素，哪些不是他们本族语中的音素，婴儿话语中的语调也开始接近于成年人说话时句子的语调。
11.
Children learning the Chine language usually start to produce some of the tonal patterns typical of the language ______.
∙A. before they utter any genuine words
∙B. after they utter any genuine words
∙C. while they are uttering any genuine words
∙装饰公司简介D. none of the above
A B C D
分值: 1
答案:A
[解析] 在说出真正的汉字之前，学说汉语的儿童已经开始生成汉语典型的声调模式了。
12.
At the ______ stage negation is simply expresd by single words with negative meaning.
