二语言习得考试复习题
1. acquisition& learning
The term “acquisition” is ud to refer to picking up a cond language through exposure, whereas the term “learning” is ud to refer to the conscious study of a cond language. Now most of the rearchers u them interchangeably, irrespective of whether conscious or unconscious process are involved
2. incidental learning & intentional learning
While reading for pleasure a reader does not bother to look up a new word in a dictionary, but a few pages later realizes what that word means, then incidental learning is said to have taken place.
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If a student is instructed to read a text and find out the meanings of unknown words, then it becomes an intentional learning activity.
3.langauage
10月20号是什么星座Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols ud for human communication .That is to say , language is systematic (rule-governed ), symbolic and social.
4.Language Acquisition Device
The capacity to acquire one’s FIRST LANGUAGE , when this capacity is pictured as a sort of mechanism or apparatus.
5.Contrastive analysis
Under the influence of behaviorism, rearchers of language teaching developed the method of contrastive analysis (CA) to study learner errors. Its original aim is to rve foreign language teaching.
6.Error analysis
Error analysis aims to 1) find out how well the learner knows a cond language, 2) find out how the learner learns a cond language, 3) obtain information on common difficulti
百家姓顺口溜es in cond language learning, and to 4) rve as an aid in teaching or in the preparation and compilation of teaching materials (Corder, 1981).It is a methodology of describing Second Language Learners’ language systems.
7.interlanguage
It refers to the language that the L2 learner produced .
The language produced by the learner is a system in its own right.首席设计师
The language is a dynamic system, evolving over time.
8.Krashen and His Monitor Model
1. The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis
2. The Monitor Hypothesis
3. The Natural Hypothesis
蚊香片4. The Input Hypothesis
5. The Affective Filter Hypothsis
9. input hypothesis
Its claims : The learner improves and progress along the “natural order” when s/he receives cond language “input” that is one step beyond his or her current stage of linguistic competence. For example, if a learner is at a stage “i”, then acquisition takes place when s/he is expod to “Comprehensible Input” that belongs to level “i+1”.
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10. affective filter hypothesis
The hypothesis is bad on the theory of an affective filter, which states that successful cond language acquisition depends on the learner’s feelings. Negative attitudes (including a lack of motivation or lf-confidence and anxiety) are said to act as a filter, preventing the learner from making u of INPUT, and thus hindering success in language learning.
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11.Shumann’s Acculturation Model
This model of cond language acquisition was formulated by John.H.Schumann(1978), and applies to the natural context of cond language acquisition where a cond language is acquired without any instruction in the environment. Schumann defines acculturation as the process of becoming adapted to a new culture or rather , the social and psychological integration of the learner with the target language group.
12.Universal Grammar
⏹The language faculty built into the human mind consisting of principles and parameters.
⏹This is the universal grammar theory associated with Noam Chomsky.
⏹Universal Grammar es the knowledge of grammar in the mind as having two components: “principles＂that all languages have in common and “parameters” on which
they vary.
13.MacLaughlin’s Information processing model
☐SLA is the acquisition of a complex cognitive skill that must progress from controlled processing to automatic processing.
14.Anderson’s ACT
☐This is another general theory of cognitive learning that has been applied to SLA
☐Also emphasizes the automatization process.
☐Conceptualizing three types of memory:
1. Working memory
2. Declarative long term memory
3. Procedural long-term memory
15.fossilization
☐It refers to the phenomenon in which cond language learners often stop learning even though they might be far short of native-like competence. The term is also ud for specific linguistic structures that remain incorrect for lengthy periods of time in spite of plentiful input.
16.Communication strategies
⏹Communication strategies, known as CSs, consist of attempts to deal with problems of communication that have arin in interaction. They are characterized by the negotiation of an agreement on meaning between the two parties.
