自考英语（二）模拟试卷39
卷地(总分：102.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、 阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：20.00)五十字
Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most cas, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference? Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himlf, partly in the behaviour of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favourable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine(纯正的) form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, and right u of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions which come to
him in a fresh, ever bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation(通化). Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language student has each week a limited number of hours which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching(炎热的) heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled. Finally, though a child's "teachers" may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always clo and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.（分数：20.00）
(1).Compared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native language with ea.（分数：2.00）
A.True u盘设置密码√
眉毛上长痘痘
B.Fal
C.Not Given
解析：解析：题干中“with ea”表示“轻而易举地”。从原文第一段内容可以看出与成年人学语言相比，儿童学习语言更轻松、掌握得更好。
花千骨十大神器(2).Adults' knowledge and mental powers hinder(妨碍) their complete mastery of a foreign language.（分数：2.00）
A.True
B.Fal
C.Not Given √
解析：解析：原文提到成年人有成熟的心智(fully developed mental powers)，但仍然学不好外语，但并没有说经验和心智妨碍了他们对语言的掌握。
(3).The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning.（分数：2.00）
A.True
B.Fal √
C.Not Given
解析：解析：注意题干中“solely ”一词，说明仅仅是因为学习环境。根据原文第二段第一句话，作者认为原因部分在于孩子自身，部分在于周围人的行为，故不完全是因为学习环境。
(4).Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures children' s success of learning their mother tongue.（分数：2.00）
A.True √
B.Fal
C.Not Given
解析：解析：从原文第二段第二句话开始，作者讲到儿童生命中的前几年是学习母语最有利的时期(the most favorable of all)，他们每天从早到晚不断地听到纯正的语言，这是一种完美的吸收同化的过程(there is perfect assimilation)。
(5).A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round.（分数：2.00）
A.True
B.Fal √
C.Not Given
解析：解析：注意原文第三段第一句话“Then the child has，as it were，private lessons all the year round”，其中“as it were”意思是“好像、仿佛”。因此该句只是一个比喻，并不是说儿童上了私人课程。
(6).Gestures and facial expressions may assist a child in mastering his native language.（分数：2.00）
A.True √
B.Fal
C.Not Given
解析：解析：原文第三段第二句话强调了儿童听到的语言总是伴随着正确的手势和表情(always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions)，由此可推测这些手势和表情对语言的掌握是有帮助的。
(7).The study hours for adult language learners are very short, compared with the children.（分数：2.00）
A.True √
B.Fal
C.Not Given
解析：解析：根据原文第三段第一句话，成年人学习语言每周只有有限的几个小时。
(8).The language practiced on language lessons in schools is often unnatural.（分数：2.00）
A.True √
B.Fal
C.Not Given
解析：解析：根据原文第三段第三句话，儿童接触到的语言里没有学校的语言课上经常能听到的一些不自然的语言，比如在六月份谈论冰雪，或者在一月份谈论炎热的天气。
(9).A child' s "teachers" are usually trained in language teaching.（分数：2.00）
A.True
B.Fal √
C.Not Given
解析：解析：根据原文最后一段第一句话，儿童的“老师”(即他们的父母及周边的人)并没有受过语言教学方面的培训。
(10).Different children learn their native languages at sharply different speed.（分数：2.00）
A.True
B.Fal
C.Not Given √
解析：解析：原文未提及此内容。
二、 阅读选择(总题数：1，分数：10.00)
Rare Fossil Record The prervation of embryos and juveniles is a rare occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny, delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers (食腐动物) weathering before they can be fossilized. Ichthyosaurs (鱼龙) had a higher chance of being prerved than did terrestrial creatures becau, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given the factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-prerved ichthyosaur fossils. The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, prent an interesting ca for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales(页岩) deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from the rocks. The quality of prervation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing prerved embryos. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific
site was ud by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen is even prerved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long. Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare elwhere? The quality of prervation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But the factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very clo to their time of giving birth.（分数：10.00）
(1).All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization except the______.（分数：2.00）
A.speed of burying
and公式
&ditions of the water
C.rate at which soft tissues decay
D.cau of death of the animal √玉米怎么炒
解析：解析：第一段中间部分提到了their fossilization required a suite of factors：软组织的腐烂速度缓慢；很少被其他动物残食；缺少混杂、冲走小骨头的快速水流和波浪；以及相当快地被掩埋。因此只有D选项，也就是动物的死因没有被提及。
(2).Which of the following is true of the fossil deposits discusd in the passage?（分数：2.00）
A.They include examples of newly discovered species.
关于阅读的文章 B.They contain large numbers of well-prerved specimens. √
C.They are older than fossils found in other places.
D.They have been analyzed more carefully than other fossils.
解析：解析：由第二、三段可以看出，该地发现的化石的特别之处在于数量之多、保存完好。因此B是最佳选择。其余的选项：并不是发现了新物种，因此排除A；文中未提到其年代比其他地方的久远，因此C不正确；文中没有提及它们比其他的化石更仔细地被研究，D选项也不对。
(3).The word "outstanding" in Paragraph 2 is clost in meaning to______.（分数：2.00）
