Chapter 11 : Second Language Acquisition
1. cond language acquisition: It refers to the systematic study of how one person acquires a cond language subquent to his native language.
2. target language:小羊的简笔画 The language to be acquired by the cond language learner.
3. cond language: A cond language is a language which is not a native language in a country but which is widely ud as a medium of communication and which is usually ud alongside another language or languages.
4. foreign language: A foreign language is a language which is taught as a school subject but which is not ud as a medium of instruction in schools nor as a language of communication within a country.
5. interlanguage: A type of language produced by cond and foreign language learners, who are in the process of learning a language, and this type of language usually contains wrong expressions.
6. fossilization: In cond or foreign language learning, there is a process which sometimes occurs in which incorrect linguistic features become a permanent part of the way a person speaks or writes a language.大学政治课
7. contrastive analysis: a method of analyzing languages for instructional purpos whereby a native language and target language are compared with a view to establishing points of difference likely to cau difficulties for learners.
8. contrastive analysis hypothesis: A hypothesis in cond language acquisition. It predicts that where there are similarities between the first and cond languages, the learner will acquire cond language structure with ea, where there are differences, the learner will have difficulty.交通安全的画
9. positive transfer: It refers to the transfer that occur when both the native language and the target language have the same form, thus making learning easier. (06F)
皮衣发霉怎么办10. negative transfer: the mistaken transfer of features of one’s native language into a cond language.
11. error analysis: the study and analysis of errors made by cond and foreign language learners in order to identify caus of errors or common difficulties in language learning.
12. interlingual error: errors, which mainly result from cross-linguistic interference at different levels such as phonological, lexical, grammatical etc.
13. intralingual error: Errors, which mainly result from faulty or partial learning of the target language, independent of the native language. The typical examples are overgeneralization and cross-association.
14. overgeneralization: The u of previously available strategies in new situations, in which they are unacceptable.
15. cross-association: some words are similar in meaning as well as spelling and pronunciation. This internal interference is called cross-association.
描写春雨16. error:商量的反义词 the production of incorrect forms in speech or writing by a non-native speaker
of a cond language, due to his incomplete knowledge of the rules of that target language.
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17. mistake: mistakes, defined as either intentionally or unintentionally deviant forms and lf-corrigible, suggest failure in performance.
18. input: language which a learner hears or receives and from which he or she can learn.
19. intake: the input which is actually helpful for the learner.
20. Input Hypothesis: A hypothesis propod by Krashen , which states that in cond language learning, it’s necessary for the learner to understand input language which contains linguistic items that are slightly beyond the learner’s prent linguistic competence. Eventually the ability to produce language is said to emerge naturally without being taught directly.
