笔记常用符号和缩略语
(Note-taking: Uful Signs and Abbreviations)
1.常用笔记符号:
符号 信息意义
箭头符号
↑ 上升;提高;增强;上涨;增长;扩大;起飞;升空;提拔;晋升 (grow, expand, develop, ri, go up, increa , ascend, launch, skyrocket, soar, appreciation, promote, upwards)
↓ 下降;下沉;降低;滑坡;轰炸;减少;恶化;降职;削减/裁减(drop to, bomb, jump, go down, descend, decrea, deteriorate, depreciation, reduce, downwards)
↗ 上扬;渐渐好转(become better and better)
↘ 下挫;不断亏损(become wor and wor)
→ 出口;去;向前;出国;前往;运往;导致;发展成为… (export to, enter, arrive in/at, prent to, result in, nd to, transmit to, lead to, export to, cau)
← 回顾;从前;进口;倒退;来自;源于(come from, originate from, receive from, go back to, import from)例如:café ← French意为: café源自于法语
数学符号
芥菜的功效与作用>网上象棋
报聘+ 增加;补充;除此之外;另外(furthermore, in addition to, with, and, besides, etc)
—减少;删除;缺乏(minus, lack, deduct, except, subtract)
× 表示“不对的,错的,坏的,不好的,臭名昭著的”(mistake, incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious)
> 超过,大于,胜过,优于(more than, bigger than, surpass, better than, superior to)
>> 大大超过 (much greater than, much more than)
< 小于,不足,次于,逊色(fewer than, less than, wor than, inferior to)
<< 远远少于 (much less than)
= 等于符号(equal) 在听力笔记中相当于“与…一样”(equal to, the same as), 另外可以表示“是…的对手“(a rival, a competitor)等意思。
蒸鱼做法
还可以表示“同等”概念 (means, that is to say, in other words, the same as, etc)
≠ 表示否定意思“不等于”(not equal to ),“不同”(be different from),或者“无敌、不是…对手”(matchless, peerless, no match for)
≈ 表示“大约,左右”(approximately, around, about, or so)
∑ 总和;总数(total, the total number/sum, totally)
红衣服配什么裤子
∵ 表示“原因,理由”(becau, owing to, thanks to, due to)
∴ 表示“结果、结论”(therefore, as a result, conquently, so)
标点符号
朋友圈签名: 表示“说,告诉,认为,宣称,声明,抗议,譬如”(say, speak, tell, declare, announce, protest, such as)
表示“问题,疑问,问”(problem, issue, question, doubt, suspicious, skeptical, ask, puzzle, confud, mystery, bewildered)卡通曲奇
· (1)表示“观点,意见,注意,论点”(viewpoint, opinion, idea, point)
(2) 表示不同的时间概念。如用“d”表示“今天”(today),那么“昨天”(yesterday)即用“·d”表示,“前天”(the day before yesterday)同理类推,可记为“··d”,3天前(Three days ago)可写成“·3d”;“d·”表示“明天”(tomor-row),“d··”表示“后天”(the day after tomorrow)。
! 表示“危险,警告,当心,值得注意的是,重要”
1)dangerous, warning, alarming, alert, hazardous, perilous, jeopardy, watch out …
2)very important, vital, crucial, critical
( ) 表示“包括,在…之中”(including, within, among, inside)
其他符号
@ 表示 “关于”(about, as for, concerning, with respect to, etc)
表示“我谨代表”(on behalf of)
⊙ 表示会议室的圆桌(round table), 中间的一点可以把它看作一个烟灰缸或一个花瓶,因此整个符号表示“会议,开会”(meeting, meet),或者“讨论”(discussion)等意思。其他有关会议的单词有:conference, symposium, convention, ssion, forum, minar, council, congress, asmbly, gathering, committee, commission, association, union, nate, parliament.
∪ 这个符号形似一个杯子(glass),在听力测试记录中可用来表示“协议、协定、合同”(agreement, contract, treaty, covenant, compact, convention, resolution),因为人们
签约时,往往会举杯祝福,非常形象。表示双边协议(Bilateral Agreement), 三边协议(Trilateral Agreement)或多边协议(Multi-lateral Agreement),也很容易,只要在∪中分别加2,3或m就可以了,即 2 3或 m。
>< 表示“对立,冲突”(confrontation, conflict)
∞ 表示交流,沟通等(communication, interaction)
表示“影响,效果,压力,负担”(influence, effect, affect, impact, have bearing on, pressure, stress, burden, load)深圳的景点
♀ 表示“女性”(woman, female, famine)
♂ 表示“男性”(man, male, masculine)
□表示国家(country, state, nation)
□表示“出口”(export)
□表示“进口”(import)
表示“发展”(development, advancement)
Λ 表示“领导,顶点,顶级,顶峰”
1) top, head, peak, uttermost, climax, supreme, crown
2) leader, director, chancellor, boss, manager, officer, captain, king, queen, emperor, empress, majesty, dictator, ruler, commander, governor, mayor, administrator, supervisor, monitor, minister, president
□表示“国家领导人,政府首脑”(state leader, government head)
& 和;与;共同;与…在一起;陪同(and, together with, accompany)
√ 表示“正确,对,好,肯定,著名,同意,支持”(correct, good, affirmative, certain, well known, famous, agree, support)
° 表示“人,人民”(person, people)。如:中°,US°,经°,物°
~ 表示“交流,交换,替代,相互”(exchange, replace, mutual, each other)
// 表示“停顿/止,终止”(stop, halt, complete, finish)