龙门石窟
怀念战友世界文化遗产、5A级景区
龙门石窟开凿于北魏孝文帝年间，之后历经东魏、西魏、工作名言北齐、隋、唐、五代、宋等朝代达400余年之久，南北长达1公里，今存有窟龛2345个，造像10万余尊，碑刻题记2800余品。最大的佛像高达17.14米，最小的仅有2厘米。
龙门桥
龙门桥，东西横跨于伊河之上，是仿河北隋代赵州桥而修建的石拱桥。1960年修建，1962年5月16日竣工通车。在桥西端涵上端刻有醒目的“龙门”二字，为新中国老一辈革命家陈毅元帅所题。是在1960年，国务院副总经理陈毅陪同尼泊尔国王马亨德拉及王后参观龙门石窟时欣然所题写的。
Longmen Bridge
加纳首都Longmen Bridge was built in 1960 and completed in 1962, with 303 meters long. It’s a stone arch bridge with three big arches and twenty-
four small arches. It was also imitated Zhaozhou Bridge which was the first stone arch in China. ( Zhaozhou Bridge, built in Sui Dynasty, 595AD-605AD, has a history of more than 1400 years. )The two words “Longmen”, marked on the bridge, were written by Chen Yi who was the Founding Fathers of China and first mayor in Shanghai.
禹王池
禹王池长8.80米，宽6米。泉水自石穴中出，冬暖夏凉，中生水藻。池中立一巨石，称石砭，或石笋、剑石，为太湖石质。相传为大禹开凿龙门时所用的工具。夏禹治水曾有“凿伊阙，通龙门”之举。相传，那时洪水泛滥，龙门山以南是一片汪洋，百姓穷困不堪，溺死者甚多。为解决洪水给人带来的灾难，大禹率人治理洪水，疏通河流，百姓才得以安居乐业，伊阙也就是那时开凿的。关于池中“石笋”还有一种说法，是唐朝诗人白居易，任江州司马时，从九江运来的太湖石。
潜溪寺
潜溪寺是龙门石窟西山北端的第一大窟，传说原来窟内可以听到溪流的声音，故名潜溪寺。开凿年代在唐高宗初年。主室窟呈马蹄形，穹窿顶，窟高9.27米，深6.72米。供奉七尊佛像，主尊阿弥陀佛，弟子迦叶与阿难，观世音菩萨与大势至菩萨和两位护法天王。
正壁本尊阿弥陀佛，颈部的三道蚕节纹，是唐代佛龛造像的典型特征。阿弥陀佛与观世音、大势至二侍菩萨合称“西方三圣”，也就是“西方极乐世界”的三圣。“西方极乐世界”是佛教“净土宗”的最高境界。
暮春是什么意思西方极乐世界又是什么样子的呢？在佛经中是这样描述的：生活在极乐世界的人，形貌端严，福德无量，智慧明瞭。神通自在，受用种种，一切丰足。随意所需，全都能够满足心中的愿望。如果想吃东西，心中产生了吃的念头时，不用咀嚼，就已经吃下了。想要穿衣服，念头一起，已经自然就穿在身上了。住的房屋也是形形色色，不可胜数。总之，所能想象得到的，都可以享受得到。这么美好的世界，世俗凡人怎么能够得到呢？佛教的净土宗提倡大修功德，营造塔庙。出家的僧人，一心专念阿弥陀佛，修诸功德，临死的时候，阿弥陀佛会亲率大众迎接到极乐净土，乃至成佛。不能出家当和尚的人，只要奉侍斋戒，起立塔像，临死时，阿弥陀佛的化身会来迎接到西方净土。那么，没有能力做功德的人呢？只要一心念佛，每日千遍万遍的口宣阿弥陀佛即可，不生疑惑，临死时，能梦得到佛，也可以去到极乐净土。通往佛国如此容易，极乐世界又如此诱人，唐代时期，佛教自然成为了最大的宗教之一。
临水宫
潜溪寺前原有一木结构窟檐，门楣镶嵌一个小石匾，阴刻楷体“斋袚堂”三字。1976年，将窟檐拆除。后又重建。洞口外南侧有一《重修斋袚堂记》碑，是清乾隆年间立在此处的。
Qianxisi Cave
Is the first big cave on the West Hill. It was built in Tang Dynasty about 640AD and got its name becau of the spring water beneath[bɪˈni:θ] it. The roof was shaped in a dome[dəʊm]. The cave is 9.27 meters high and 6.27 meters deep. There are ven statues inside:one Buddha, two disciples[dɪ'saɪplz], two Bodhisattvas[ˌbəudiˈsætvəz] and two heavenly kings. It's a reprentative of Buddhist cave of “The Three Saints[ints] Of West”, who refer to the middle Buddha and the two bodhisattvas. They are in charge of the highest state of “School of pure land”, one of the eight major Buddhism schools of China - “Paradi in the west”.
The main Buddha Amitabba, who is over 7meters in height with shoulder about 3 meters in weight, has plump[plʌmp] checks, raid[reɪzd] chest, proportionate [prəˈpɔ:ʃənət] figure with an expression of amiability[ˌeɪmɪə'bɪlətɪ] and wisdom. Bad on solid national strength and developed economy in Tang Dynasty when people were well-fed and well-clothed, and they lived and worked in contentment[kənˈtentmənt], Chine kept a healthy and well-rounded figure. This is the reason why obesity [əʊ'bi:sətɪ]was the standard of beauty in Tang Dynasty. Three fold of the Buddha’s neck is the typical characteristics of the Buddhist statues in Tang Dynasty. Becau of the perennial [pəˈreniəl]water epage [ˈsi:pɪdʒ] in cave, the left disciple’s head was damaged heavily. Due to geological [ˌdʒi:ə'lɒdʒɪkl]and perennial [pəˈreniəl]weathering, there was a fissure[ˈfɪʃə(r)] on the face of the right disciple. In front of the cave, there was a timberwork ['tɪmbəwɜ:k]eaves [i:vz]of QingDynasty style, which was replaced by Tang style in 1990.
宾阳洞区
宾阳洞区由三个主要洞窟构成，即由北向南一字排列为：宾阳北洞，宾阳中洞和宾阳南洞，并称为宾阳三洞。宾阳三洞均始凿于北魏时期，由于是统一布局规划开凿的而称为“三窟”。 宾阳洞工程先后由白整，王质和刘腾等三名宦使主持开凿。
Three Binyangdong Cave
The Three Binyang caves were Collectively called Lingyan Temple. It was only after Ming and Qing Dynasties that the name was changed to Binyang Cave.
The construction of Binyang Cave began over 1500 years ago, it′s the only grotto recorded clearly in the official history of China. According to the book Annals of Shilao: the project had taken 24 years and 802366 man-days. Even so, however, only the Middle Binyang Cave was completed whereas the other two caves were not completed until Tang Dynasty(two hundred years later).
宾阳中洞
功败垂成的意思宾阳中洞堪称龙门石窟北魏期间佛像雕刻之精品，是一所极具艺术魅力和鲜明美学风格的佛窟圣殿。宾阳中洞窟楣作浅浮雕火焰纹尖拱楣，中间刻兽头，拱两端为二龙首反顾，拱
端下一石柱。柱头有三部分组成，下部似古希腊艾奥尼亚式柱头，中部为一朵大莲花，上部为柱帽，这是龙门石窟所仅有的。
在洞窟门道顶部雕刻有两朵莲花。南，北壁面各有三层浮雕：上层为一身飞天，中层有二身供养菩萨：下层是二护法天王，北侧为帝释天，南壁是大梵天，相传佛祖释迦牟尼降生时，两位护法天王侍于左右。
自西向北而东分别为：持有磐、排箫、筝和铜拔者；自西、南而东分别持有笙、笛、阮咸和细腰鼓者。稍外在主佛身光两侧的是手托果盘的供养天人。最外侧的是圆钱纹、垂鳞纹和三角垂帐，构成了一幅大型华盖。那种“宝花降祥，蔽五云之色；天乐振响，夺万籁之音”的场景油然而生。
洞内造像是北魏石窟中，常见的“三世佛”题材。“三世佛”是指过去、现在和未来三世之佛，即过去佛指迦叶诸佛，现在佛为释迦摩尼佛，未来佛为弥勒佛。本尊释迦摩尼，结跏趺坐于方形台座上，脖颈直而胸平，是写实的鲜卑人面相。观其神态，庄严中透露几许慈祥，目光中流露出关注人间的光彩，给人带来一些亲切感。
主尊北侧弟子迦叶，宛如一位聪慧的弟子形象。文殊菩萨和南侧普贤菩萨服饰华丽，体态柔美，表情虔诚矜持，那贴体的薄衣和垂悬的裙带，颇有“曹衣出水”之势。衣纹疏密有致，或湍急倾泻，或圆转舒缓，宛如流动出人物生命的节律气韵。南、北两壁各雕一立佛及二菩萨。南壁右菩萨，头像高0.92米，现藏于日本大坂市立美术馆内。北壁右菩萨，头高0.90米，现存日本东京国立博物馆内。
在洞窟门口前壁内侧，自上而下有浮雕四层：第一层“维摩诘经变”图。内容是表现维摩诘经中“问疾品”的一个场面。画面上，维摩居帐内斜倚榻上，手持麈尾，与文殊谈经论道。第二层是“佛本生故事”，北侧为萨垂那太子“舍身饲虎图”；南侧须达那太子“施舍图”，其主题是宣扬佛教的“因果报应”、“舍生行善”的思想。第三层是著名的“皇帝、皇后礼佛图”。南为文昭皇太后礼佛仪仗图；北为孝文帝礼佛仪仗图。
Middle Binyang Cave
Middle Binyang Cave is the most reprentatives. There are five major figures including: one Buddha, two disciple and two Bodhisattvas. The main Buddha on the front wall is Sakyamuni释迦牟尼．He is a prince of ancient India and also creator of Buddhism in the 6th century B.C. Shakyamuni and Confucius[kən
ˈfjuːʃəs ] were lived in the same period in China, and 12 years older than Confucius.
At the center of the domed ceiling is carved a lotus flower, around which are located 8 flying musicians and 2 heavenly donors．They are called “God of Music” in Buddism. They can play musical instruments and are good at dancing around the lotus with flying belts.
This cave is the most noteworthy of the reliefs on the southern and northern sides of the front wall. The two reliefs “Emperor Worshipping Buddha” and “Empress Worshipping Buddha” are kept respectively in New York Art Muum and Nelson 纳尔Muum of Kansus保护耕地美国堪萨斯州, United States. On the southern and northern walls outside the cave, there have two warriors['wɒrɪəz]. The southern warrior was damaged by natural weathering and repaired during Qing Dynasty. Craftman ud the anchor bolt to reinforce the outer paste. The bolt plays a role of fixation and connection.
Warriors are the guardians of doors or thresholds. Their task is to protect the sumptuary ['sʌmptjʊərɪ] against evil and demonic forces.
宾阳南洞
宾阳南洞于北魏宣武帝正始二年，公元505年开凿，但洞中主题造像延至唐代初年才完成。
洞内主像为一佛二弟子二菩萨五尊式。
Southern Binyang Cave
Southern Binyang cave was carved during the Yongping period of Northern Wei Dynasty and finally finished in Tang Dynasty.There are five major figures include one Buddha, two disciples, two Bodhisattvas.
宾阳北洞
宾阳北洞正壁造像五尊，正中阿弥陀佛结跏趺坐于方形叠涩式束腰台座上。左侧弟子迦叶，观音菩萨；右侧弟子阿难，大势至菩萨。二弟子、二菩萨均有不同程度的残损。窟顶中央为大莲花宝盖，中心是莲蓬，双瓣莲花，周围绕以十身飞天各持乐器，外层是圆钱纹、三角纹等。门侧的浮雕天王像，开唐代天王造像之先河。窟门墩雕出龙头，也为龙门石窟所仅见。
Northern Binyang Cave
Northern Binyang Cave began in Northern Wei Dynasty and finally finished in Tang Dynasty(641A.D-650A.D). On the main wall, there have five statues: the mian Buddha-Amitabha, two disciples and two bodhisattvas. The cave has a coved ceiling, with bright colorful painting. The painting was followed by ancient craftman grind painting up natural mineral pigments.
It is notable that the Buddha’s Mudra [mə'drɑ:]
