在科学的英语有所建树的人物事例
Zhang Heng was a famous scientist in ancient China. The ismograph invented by Zhang Heng has long been lost, and the ismograph model tried to restore in the 1950s was not successful, so in recent years, this has been questioned or even denied by some people. Affected by this, Zhang Heng is no longer mentioned in the text of middle school history textbooks. How should we view Zhang Heng and his scientific contributions? Is it appropriate to ignore him in current history textbooks?
Among the superstars in the history of world science, Zhang Heng (word Pingzi, ad 78-139) of the Eastern Han Dynasty is an extremely dazzling one. Compared with scientists such as Ptolemy and Archimedes in ancient Greece, he was not inferior in science. His good friend Cui yuan commented that he was "moral overflow, articles floating, mathematical skills poor world, production Mou good fortune, wonderful skills, straightforward huanbing." Today, Guo Moruo praid him as "a person with such comprehensive development, which is also rare in world history." Zhang Heng made contributions to science, achieved in his era, and surpasd his era.
The controversy of ismograph
哄女朋友剃光头Speaking of Zhang Heng, the most interesting and controversial one is the "waiting for the wind ismograph" created by him. In recent years, the unwarranted suspicion of Zhang Heng's ismograph, coupled with various incorrect reports on the restoration of the ismograph on the Internet media, has led to the deletion of Zhang Heng's name from the text of middle school textbooks. This is a major misreading of Zhang Heng and even ancient Chine science.陡峭造句
About Zhang Heng's ismograph, there are clear records in the book of the later Han Dynasty. But there are always some scholars who believe that the historical records are unreliable or even fake. Becau they can't recover the ismograph, they think that Zhang Heng hasn't done it. This is either extreme conceit of "modern scientism" or ignorance of "historical nihilism".
蟋蟀图片
The key component of Zhang Heng ismograph, "Du column", is a simple column. People often think that such a nsitive column can't stand up at all, and it will collap d
海螺怎么吃
ue to all kinds of slight interference, and it is "disorderly", so they conclude that Zhang Heng's ismograph can't obrve earthquakes. This ems to be very common n, so people are credulous. But common n is common n after all, not science. The scientific experiment on the column of the ismograph not only proves that the column can stand up, but also will not fall disorderly. "Column verification" is completely feasible.
赵一曼照片Mr. Hu Ningsheng, a famous astronomy instrument expert and former astronomy instrument rearcher of Nanjing astronomy instrument development center of the Chine Academy of Sciences, made the model at his own expen at the age of 88, did experiments by himlf, and analyzed the details of mechanics, which proved that the "column model" of Zhang Heng ismograph was scientific and reliable, and restored the scientific principle of Zhang Heng ismograph. Such rearch results have not received due attention in today's fashion of "suspecting the ancient". Fortunately, his rearch results have been officially published in the Chine Journal of the history of science and technology in 2020. Mr. Hu Ningsheng proved that Zhang Heng's ismograph was not a "myth", but the truth of Science in history, with his mechanical experience gained from his
years of rearch in astronomical instruments and a rious and scientific attitude. Zhang Heng ismograph is not limited to a technological invention. Behind it is scientific thinking, careful obrvation and pragmatic scientific application.
First of all, Zhang Heng believes that the earthquake is caud by the burst of underground Yin Qi forced, and the "movement of Qi" is "wind", which is the reason why Zhang Heng calls its ismograph "waiting for the wind".
我怎么Secondly, the animal image ud by Zhang Heng ismograph has symbolic significance, that is, the dragon symbolizes the wind, and the toad symbolizes the Yin Qi underground, but it should also be bad on the obrvation of earthquake phenomena. We know that before the earthquake, animals living underground like toads tend to be alert and make abnormal behaviors. Zhang Heng must have obrved the phenomena, which is the reason why the ismograph us toads to undertake copper pills. People today evaluate Zhang Heng, sometimes influenced by the "hindsight", and think that Zhang Heng's study of "Hou Qi" and "Feng Jiao" is a "superstition". However, in Zhang H
eng's era, it is the logic of scientific thinking. While studying the "wind horn", Zhang Heng clearly oppod superstitions such as "augury". It can be en that in Zhang Heng's thought, the boundary between rational exploration and irrational superstition is clear.
Finally, earthquakes were considered as major disasters in ancient times. In the theory of "the unity of nature and man" constructed by Dong Zhongshu in the Han Dynasty, disasters such as earthquakes naturally derve attention, becau they are part of national governance. According to the records of the book of the later Han Dynasty, in the 30 years from ad 96 to 125, 23 major earthquakes occurred. The invention of Zhang Heng's ismograph met the social and political needs at that time, from which we can e the social responsibility of scientists like Zhang Heng.
Zhang Heng's achievements in Science
The Qin and Han Dynasties were the formation period of ancient Chine scientific models. The previous specific scientific experience, through the integration of the cosmology bad on the Yin-Yang and five elements theory, got rid of the shackles of myt
hology and witchcraft, and became a rational exploration of the combination of theory and obrvation. Zhang Heng's achievements in astronomy are a reflection of the development of astronomy in the Han Dynasty.
