Lesson One
1.And it is an activity only of humans.
And conversation is an activity found only among human beings.辛亥革命论文
2.Conversation is not for making a point.
Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views.
3.In fact, the best conversationalists are tho who are prepared to lo.
In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas.
4.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.
People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not clo friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each other’s private lives.
5.....it could still go ignorantly on ...
The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.
不断探索6.There are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef.
The animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meet beef.
7.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language.
The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.
公积金怎么开户8.English had come royally into its own.
English received proper recognition and was ud by the King once more.
9.The phra has always been ud a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower class.
The phra , the King’s English ,has always been ud disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower class.(The working people often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.)
10.The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.
As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.
11.There is always a great danger that 小意达的花儿“ words will harden into things for us. “
There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are suppod to reprent.
a.However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anything that derves the name of conversation.
不管动物之间的沟通方式多么困难，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。
b.Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpo of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation.
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争辩会常常出现于交谈中，但争辩的目的不是为了劝服。交谈中没有输赢之说。
c.Perhaps it is becau of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own.
或许我从小就混迹于英国酒吧原因，我认为酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。
d.I do not remember what made one of our companions say it ---she clearly had not come into the bar to say it , it was not something that was pressing on her mind---but her remark fell quite naturally into the talk.
我不记得是什么使得我的一个同伴说起它来的---她明显不是来酒吧说这个的，这不是她事先想好的话题----但她的话相当自然地插入到了交谈中。
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e.There is always resistance in the lower class to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for “English as it should be spoken .”
下层社会总会抵制上层社会企图给“标准英语”制定得规则。
f.Words are not themlves a reality ,but only reprentations of it ,and the King’s English ,like the Anglo-French of the Normans , is a class reprentation of reality.
词语本身并不是现实。正如诺曼底人讲的英格鲁--法语一样，标准英语是一个阶层用来表达现实的形式。
g.Perhaps it is worth trying to speak it, but it should not be laid down as an edict , and made immune to change from below.
或许试着去说它还是值得的，但是它不能被制定成法令，从而拒绝来自下层的变更。
h.There is no wor conversationalist than the one who punctuates his words as he speaks as if he were writing , or even who tries to u words as if he were composing a piece of pro for print.
假如一个人说出的话就像写出来的文字，或者试图运用那些创作书面散文的文字，那么没有比这样的交谈者更糟糕的了。
i.When E.M. Forster writes of “ the sinister corridor of our age,” we sit up at the vividness of the phra , the force and even terror in the image.元宵怎么做
旅途上当E.M.福斯特写到“我们这个时代的险恶长廊”时，其用语之生动及由其所产生的生动有力，甚至可怖的形象苦令我们拍案叫绝。
j.There would have been no conversation the other evening if we had been able to ttle at once the meeting of “ the King’s English.”
那天晚上假如我们立即解决了“标准英语”的含义，就不会有其次天晚上的谈话了。
Lesson Two
1.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot.
The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a derted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.
2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact.
All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).
