Chapter 1 A General Introduction to Chine Culture
Words and Expressions:
the descendants of Yan and Huang 炎黄子孙
porcelain 瓷器
The appellation of China
Chine history began with two legendary figures—Emperor Huang and Emperor Yan, who, together with their tribes, inhabited the drainage area along the middle reaches（中游） of the Yellow River. By the time of Xia Dynasty, after centuries of living side by side, the two tribes had gradually merged into（合并，融合） one. Conquently, the Chine people usually call themlves “the descendants of Yan and Huang”.
People at that time believed that the land they lived on was the center of the world, and called their state the "Middle Kingdom"(中国), thus giving China its country name.
China is the appellation of our country given by foreigners. The porcelain china is the transliteration of the place name Changnan(昌南), which was the old name for Jingdezhen（景德镇）. The porcelain made in Changnan was smooth and bright, and earned another name of artificial jade. It became famous both home and abroad and was exported to Europe in large quantities.
In Europe, people regarded Changnan porcelain as something precious and delicate and would take pride in posssing one. As time pasd, people in Europe forgot the meaning of Changnan and switched the original meaning of porcelain of the word “china” to the place of its origin.
Chapter 2 Chine Philosophy and Religion
Part 1 Chine Thoughts and Philosophy
Words and Expressions:
Confucianism 儒家
Taoism 道家
The Analects 《论语》
benevolence 仁慈，善行
ritual礼制，仪式，惯例
filial piety 孝，孝心
The Development of Ancient Chine Philosophy关于过年的图片
The philosophy in Pre-Qin times (先秦子学)
The orthodox philosophy during the Han Dynasty (两汉经学)
Metaphysics during the Wei and Jin dynasties (魏晋玄学)
The buddhist philosophy during the Sui and Tang dynasties (隋唐佛学)
Neo-confucianism in Song and Ming dynasties (宋明理学)
Application philosophy in the Ming and Qing dynasties (明清实学)
The philosophy in Pre-Qin times (先秦子学)
The philosophy in Pre-Qin times was marked by the emergence of various ancient philosophical views.
The most influential schools were Confucianism (儒家), Taoism (道家), Mohism (墨家) and Legalism (法家)
Confucianism is a school of thought reprented by Confucius and Mencius. Confucianism has influenced the Chine for thousands of years and is deeply rooted in Chine culture. It is an integration of intellectual, political, and religious tradition with the focus on the individual morality and ethics in daily life and the proper exerci of political power.
Who is Confucius?
Family name: Kong; Given name: Qiu; courtesy name: Zhongni
军事理论论文
He is a great thinker, an educator, a statesman, a philosopher, the founder of the Confucian school and Confucianism.
The landmark of Confucianism is the Analects, which was written by his disciples after his death.
The core of Confucius’s philosophy are the concepts of
前什么后什么
最好的礼物作文Ren (benevolence)心海里的那朵浪花
Ren(仁): Confucius defines it as “Airen”(爱人），that is , to love others.
The Chine character “仁”（benevolence) consists of “a person （人）” on the left and “two(二)” on the right indicating the relationship between people.
Li (ritual)
Li （ritual-礼）refers to the rules of human conduct and moral norms such as politeness, courtesy, propriety, proper etiquette and good manners ranging from speech and behavio
r to the performance of rituals which are usually codified and treated as an all-embracing system of social norms.
Xiao (filial piety)
情歌歌曲Xiao(孝）refers to the filial piety, which was regarded as one of the greatest of virtues in Chine tradition, denoting the respect and obedience that the children should show to their parents.
Zhong河童之夏 (loyalty)
Zhong (loyalty-忠）is a great virtue, which emphasizes the obligations and duties to the superior, to friends, family, and spou.
windows7激活产品密钥2. Taoism
Founded by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, the school advocates the doctrine that the Dao is the cour, the principle, the substance, and the standard of all things, to which all of them must conform.
Bad on the work of Dao De Jing, Taoism promotes the belief that a person should live a simple life, not to strive for wealth, fame or power, which will only give one worries and trouble.
The school favours the political principle of “achieving good government through non-action”(无为而治)
3. Mohism
Ba on the teaching of Mozi, the school cherishes universal love which states that if all the people in the world loved one another, there will be no hatred, calamities, and hostilities.
