英语动词不定式的结构及用法有哪些
不定式的语法功能:除不能作谓语,其他句子成分都可。常见考法有:1.不定式作状语;2.it作形式主语代替后面的不定式;3.不定式的否定形式4.被动语态中的不定式;5.不定式省to情况;6.不定式作定语的情况。
高三网小编为大家整理整理了高中语数外、政史地、物化生九科知识点,各科知识点都包含了知识专题、学习方法、解题技巧等内容。更多2016年高考各科复习知识点请查看<<<高中总站>>>,高考知识点频道有你想要的珍贵复习资料。欢迎访问高三网,高考生的专属网站。
1不定式做句法成分
不定式短语作主语时,可以直接放在句首,但在很多情况下,尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中,往往放在谓语之后,而用先行代词it作形式主语。不定式由“ to十动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“ not to do”。不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化.不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语.不定式的逻辑主语有时用“ for十名词或代词宾格”构成。
1.不定式作主语
To e is to believe.
常用it作形式主语
It's for sb/It's of sb
1)for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:
It's very hard for him to study two languages.
贺贤土2)of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, cruel, right。
It's very nice of you to help me
To rve the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我的最大幸福。
It is right to give up smoking.戒烟是对的。
不定式作主语常见句型如下:
a.It is + adj (easy, important, difficult…) + 不定式
b. It is + n (a pity, a pleasure, one’s duty, a shame) + 不定式
c. It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience…) + 不定式
It’s important for us to learn English well. 我们学好英语很重要。
番薯汤圆It’s my duty to teach you how to be a uful person. 教你如何做一个有用的人是我的职责。
It requires patience to be a good teacher. 当个好老师需要耐心。
2.不定式作宾语
不定式短语作宾语时,位于及物动词之后。可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多,常见 的
有:agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promi, refu, want, wish等。例如:
I offered to help her, but she refud. 我提出帮助她,但她拒绝了。
He pretended not to hear me. 他假装没听见我(的声音)。
I don’t want to sound like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.
我不想听起来象在说别人坏话,但经理的计划是不公平的。
如果还带有宾语补足语。往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用 it作形式宾语。常用动词有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。例如:
I find it interesting to work with him. 我发现与他共事很有趣。
We feel it our duty to help others. 我们认为帮助别人是我们的责任。
Science and technology has made it possible for man to fly in space.科学技术已经使人类能够遨游太空了。
下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式:
teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find out、advi、know等
例如:
Can you teach me how to u the computer? 你能教我使用电脑吗?
I don’t know what to do next. 我不知道下一步怎么办。
I want to speak to Tom.
Plea show us how to do that.
3.不定式作宾补
不定式作宾语补足语位于宾语之后,表示宾语的动作或状态。常用于以下动词之后:ask, tell, advi, allow, enable, expect, force, get, like, order, teach, want, invite, wish, beg等。例如:
He asked me to do the work with him.他要我与他一起干。
You should get more people to help you.你应该多找些人帮你。
The teacher expected everyone to study hard,老师希望每个人都努力学习。
注意:
a. 在e,watch,look at,notice, obrve,have,let,make, hear,listen to,feel,help等词后的补足语中,不定式不带 to。例如:
I often hear him sing the song.我经常听见他唱这只歌。
The teacher usually made the students recite the text.老师通常让学生背颂课文。
水渣是什么东西
Would you plea help me (to) repair my bike?请帮我修理自行车好吗?
但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时, 就必须带 to。例如:
He is often heard to sing the song.人们常听到他唱这只歌。
The students were usually made to recite the text.学生们常被要求背颂课文。
b. 不定式动词在介词 but,except,besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词 do的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带 to,否则要带 to.如:
She could do nothing but cry.她只是哭。
What do you like to do besides swim? 除了游泳你还喜欢干什么?
c.主句含有不定式,后面有rather than, rather than后省to。
d. Why not、had better、would rather、can’t but等词后省to。如:
He could not but walk home.他只好走回家。
注意:e. 常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况:
什么时间最容易怀孕(a) 主语 + ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like + sb.to do sth.
(b)主语 + think / judge / suppo / believe / consider / imagine / consider / feel + sb. + to
be/ to have done
(c)主语 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
b. We believe him to be guilty.
4.不定式作表语
不定式可放在连系动词或be动词后面,形成表语。
例如:
My job is to help the patient.我的工作是帮助病人。
Our most important task now is to make a plan.我们现在最重要的任务是制定一个计划。
注:作表语的不定式都带to,但当主语部分有实义动词do时,to可以省略。
例如:
The only thing we can do now is wait and e.我们现在唯一能做的事就是等着看。
My work is to clean the room every day.
5.不定式作定语
不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如:
I have some books for you to read.我有一些书给你看。
We have a lot of homework to do today.今天我们有很多作业要做。
He hasn’t kept his promi to write to his parents regularly.他没有信守定期给父母写信的诺言。
注意:a.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作 的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。例如:泰国落地签证
He is looking for a room to live in.他在找房子住。
弯腰
There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。贫困生认定标准
Plea give me a knife to cut with.请给我一把刀用。