Syntax(脸上痘痘痒句法学)
练习题
I. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or fal.
竖直上抛1.Grammatical ntences are formed following a t of syntactic rules.慢速voa
2.Language is only linearly-structured.
3.Phra structure rules are rewrite rules.
4.A theory of grammar must provide a complete characterization of linguistic utterances that speakers implicitly consider well-formed, or grammatical, quences.
5.The central element in a simple ntence, or in each clau, is the finite verb.糟鱼的做法
II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begin with the letter given.
1.S_________ studies the ntence structure of language.
2.The quential order of words in a ntence suggests that the structure of a ntence is l____________.
3.P_________ structure rules allow us to better understand how words and phras form ntence, and so on.
4.The application of syntactic movement rules transform a ntence from the level of Deep structure to that of S________ structure.
小麦病害
5.IC is the short form of immediate c____________ ud in the study of syntax.
6.IC analysis emphasizes the h__________ structure of a ntence, eing it as consisting of word groups first.
7.Well-arranged ntences are considered g__________ ntences.
8.Sentences are formed to make a string of words not only meaningful but also linearly and h___________ 补办手机卡需要什么structured.
III. There are four choices for each statement below. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.
1.A ntence is considered ____________ when it conforms to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers.
A. right B. wrong C. grammatical D. ungrammatical
2.NP and __________ are esntial components of a ntence.
余额宝亏损过吗
A. VP B. PP C. AP D. all of the above
3._________ is the ntence structure that groups words into structural constituents and shows that the syntactic category of each structural constituents, such NP and VP.
A. Linear structure B. Hierarchical structure
C. Deep structure D. Surface structure
IV. Explain the following terms.
1. immediate constituent
I. IC analysis
I.
1.T 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.T
II.
1. Syntax 2. linear 3.Phra 4.stituent 6.ammatical 8.hierarchically
III.
1.C 2. A 3.B
IV.
1.immediate constituent: An immediate constituent is the constituent immediately, direct
去购物ly, below the level of a construction. For example, in the ntence “Poor John ran away”, the constituents “Poor John” and “ran away” are regarded as the immediate constituents of the ntence.
2.IC analysis: IC analysis refers to the analysis of a ntence in terms of its immediate constituents—word groups (or phras), which are in turn analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own, and the process goes on until constituents are reached. In practice, for the sake of convenience, we usually stop at the level of word.
