语法填空专项训练——-介词
介词是高考中的一个重要考点,在高考中都有两空是专门考查介词的,占语法填空的五分之一。该题要求“在空格处填入一个适当的词"的限定,所以我们要重点关注简单介词(一个单词的介词),主要考点有:
1.表示时间介词有
at, in, on 表示时间点和时间段 by 不迟于,到……时为止 after 在……之后 before在……之前
for 表示一段时间 during描写黄河的诗词 在……期间 within在……期间,不超过 since自从…
throughout 贯穿……期间 until/till 直到 from…to… 从……到 between在…之间
over 在……期间,过完一段时间
2。 表示方位的介词有
into 进入 out of从……出来 (a)round 围饶着或在……的各处 along沿着
towards向或朝着 to到或向 from从 up沿……而上
off从……离开或下来 at朝着或向着 for到…去 down普通鸡蛋汤的做法沿。.而下
at在某一点或在(某物)旁 in在某一范围内 on在某物的表面上 between在(两者)之间
above在……的上头或高出 below在…下面或低于 among在(多者)之中 around在……周围
inside在……的里面 outside在……的外面 before在……之前 behind在……的后面 武警军衔
over在……的上方或上面 under在……的下面或下方; beside/by中秋对联在……的旁边 near在……的附近
beyond在……的那一边,远于,超过(某事物的范围)地安门 across在……的对面或那一边 against 靠着
across从一边到另一边 by/past从某人或某物的旁边经过
over从某人或某物的上空经过 through从某事物的里面经过.
3. 表示原因的介词有 becau of, owing to, due to, for, with, at
( at常放在表示情感变化后的动词、形容词或名词后表示原因,相当于“听到或看到" )等。
4。 表示方式、方法或手段的介词有
By 乘、坐、骑(接交通工具), 靠、通过 in用(某种语言或材料,如墨水, 抽象的文具 in ink, in pen, in pencil等)
with用(具体的工具),和……一起; through通过(实践或书本)等
.
5。 表示“除……外”的介词有 except, besides, but, except for等.
6. 表示“数量"的介词有 about(大约), around(大约), over(超过)等
表示“关于”的介词有on, about等;
表示“所属”“部分与整体关系"的介词有of
表示(增加/减少,相差,高出等的)程度的介词有by
以及as(当作,作为), like(像…一样)等。
7。 能接复合宾语的介词有 with和without为什么要吃年夜饭
8。 短语中的介词. “动词+介词" 短语, look after, care for,congratulations on等;
“动词+副词+介词" 短语 catch up with, get on with, work hard at, do well in等;
“动词+名词+介词” take are of, take notice of等;
“名词+介词”, effect on等.
解题技巧:
1. 什么情况下可能是填介词?
我们首先必须知道两点:
(1)介词必须要接宾语,其宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词,或者what从句;
(2)名词、代词或动名词在句中通常作主语、动词的宾语、介词的宾语。
因此,我们在解答语法填空时,若空格后是名词、代词或动名词时,且他们不是在句中作主语,也不是在动词后作宾语时,这个格空就很可能是填介词。
2. 应该填哪个介词?
在判断可能填介词之后,要根据具体的语境来确定填哪个介词,特别是根据空格所在句子
的意思来选择一个恰当的介词。另外,以下几条思路对解题非常有用:
谣言的英语(1)由介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系来确定。
[例1 ]He was very tired _______ doing this for a whole day.。。
分析:累了必定是在一整天活之后,故填after;另外,表示“因……而累”,be tired from也是固定短语,故也可填from.
(2)由所处句型的特殊需要来确定。
[例2]Chine proverbs are rich and they are still widely ud in Chine people’s daily life. _____the proverbs there are often interesting stories。
分析:因the proverbs是名词,且不是作主语、宾语、表语等,前面很可能是填介词;句意是“在中国的这些成语故事的背后常常有有趣的故事”,表示“在……背后",用介词behind。
(3)由特殊的结构关系来确定。如能接复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的介词只能是with或without。
[例3] You have no idea how she finished the relay race ______ her foot wounded so much. (福建)
(4)考虑介词(空格)与前面的动词或名词之间的搭配关系,或者介词(空格)与后面名词之间的搭配关系来确定具体要填的介词。
[例4]…the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honor of receiving me ______a guest in their hou.
分析:句意是“把我们作为客人接待",表示“当作,作为"用介词as。
一、单句填空:用适当的介词填空。
1。 Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank ___________ a chair。 (安徽)
2。 If you really have to leave during the meeting, you'd better leave ___________ the back door。 (北京)
3. A great man shows his greatness ___________ the way he treats little men. (福建)
4. You have no idea how she finished the relay race _________ her foot wounded so much。 (福建)
5。 I like Mr。 Miner’s speech; it was clear and _______________ the point. (辽宁)
6。 Let's learn to u the problem we are facing _________ a stepping-stone to future success。 (宁夏)
7。 Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like ____________ working here. (全国Ⅱ)
8。 I began to feel _____________ home in the new school when I saw some familiar faces. (山东)
9. Elizabeth has already achieved success ______________ her wildest dreams。 (陕西)
10. Everything was perfect for the picnic except _______________ the weather。 (浙江)
11. This is a junior school。 You should go to a nior school ___________ girls of your age. (北京)
12. Although _________ my opinion, the old professor didn’t come up with his own。 (福建)芦蒿叶
13. ______ the silence of the paus, we could hear each other’s breathing and could almost hear our own heartbeats. (湖南)
14. Scientists are convinced _________ the positive effect of laughter ______ physical and mental health。 (江西)
15。 Experts have been warning _________ some time of the health risks caud by passive smoking。 (江西)
16. The manager suggested an earlier date ______ the meeting。 (全国I)