毕业设计附件
外文文献翻译：原文+译文
文献出处:Papageorgiou M. The study of urban road interction traffic signal control [J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2016, 21(5): 213-227.
原文
The study of urban road interction traffic signal control
Papageorgiou M
三实三严Abstract
Urban traffic is the lifeblood of a city's economic life, is a sign of measuring a city civilization progress, for the development of urban economy and the improvement of people's living standard plays a very important role.With the rapid development of economy and the speeding up of urbanization, the rapid growth of motor vehicle ownership, led to a sharp contradiction between traffic demand and road facilities. The fundamental way to solve the problem of urban traffic has two aspects: one is to strength
en the construction of transport infrastructure, rai the utilization rate of existing road network maximum; On the other hand is to strengthen the intelligent management of urban road network and optimization control.
Keywords: road interction, signal control, optimization method
1 Introduction
左眼泪痣Britain for the first time in the city of London in 1868 using gas color light signal, is ud to manage the urban traffic, this way of signal according to a railway signal consists of a red light and green light, but was unable to promote the u of easy explosion. At this time most of the traffic police directing traffic by using portable lamp. In 1914, the United States in Cleveland Lunching install and u the manual operation of electric lighting lamp, six years later adopted by Japan, adopted by the British after ten years, this signal is t in the middle of the interction signal tower, four directions has a diameter of 37.5 cm round red, green and yellow cast light. Many countries have adopted and then gradually improved. In 1926, the world's first
automatic control of street interction traffic signal success in the UK and start using, it adopts fixed cycle control method, then a more fixed cycle time control mode. In 1928, the United States develop
ed vehicles inductive traffic lights, using the rubber tube pressure detector. A few years later adopted by the United Kingdom, Japan. Toronto, Canada, in 1963 into a computer model ud IBM65O centrally coordinated induction control signal system, it marks the urban road traffic control system has entered a new stage. Since then, the United States, Britain, the former federal republic of Germany, Japan, Australia and other countries have built area traffic control system, digital electronic computer the system general traffic monitoring system of traffic control center. To the early eighty s, the world has a traffic control center of the city has more than 300.Traffic signal from manual to automatic, traffic signal by a fixed cycle to cycle, variable system control method by point to wire control and control, from no vehicle detector to a vehicle detector, traffic signal control experience for nearly a century history.
2 City traffic signal control approach
2.1 Due to intermittent signal control
This kind of signal cycle length, pha, the green light time and conversion interval is determined beforehand. The signal cycle time in the form of constant running, each cycle of the cycle is long and pha constant. Rely on the equipment provided veral scheduled timing scheme are available, and each automatic ud interchangeably within the stipulated time in a day.
2.2 Half an induction signal control
Will remain green until the signal control ensure the main trunk road in time the monitor on the detected vehicle arrives. The signal through an appropriate transformation after the interval, for once road show a green light, the green light time will last till the time all highway vehicles through the interction or duration to specified maximum green. In the green wave signal system, the ration of trunk road green time must be limited within a predetermined time. The system cycle length and green time can be adjusted at any time according to need. When the main trunk road no vehicle to maintain a green light, in fact, assigned to the road of green light time,杨颖怀孕了吗
can make full u of all the "more" green time is assigned to the main road.
2.3 The induction signals control
All of the signal pha is controlled by transmission monitor. General provisions of minimum and maximum green time in every pha. In the form of this kind of control cycle length and green time can do a lot of change, according to the certain pha in the cycle can be arbitrarily choo to u, when the detector does not detect traffic, the moment of the pha can be cancelled automatically.
2.4 Control modes
不经之谈什么意思
Refers to the signal road interction point control way unrelated to run independently. Point control mode is suitable for the distance between adjacent interctions, wire control without much effect or changes in each pha of traffic demand, the interction of cycle length and split the independent control is more effective than wire control. Single interction point control is one of the most basic ways of control, becau of its simple equipment, investment, convenient maintenance; the province is still widely ud. Technically, point control mode is divided into offline points control and on-line control.
2.5 Wire control way
Line control method is also called the arterial coordination control, green wave control. In urban road network, if the traffic trunk on a few distance than control signal of the interction of the unrelated, when tting for a single point of the interction signal control, from out of the vehicle is likely to be in the downstream and upstream in the red light. The interction between the fragmented isolated control modes unavoidably makes driving confusing, vere pollution. People developed a kind of bad on trunk adjacent interctions of the concept of the green wave coordinate control strategy, i.e. the interction signal in time to connect coordinated control, makes a convoy in a master with multiple interction thousand lane, always at the beginning of the green light to reach the interctio
n, and therefore do not need to stop the interction, so make sure the roads, to reduce the number of parking and traffic delays on the main line. Drive-by-wire main characteristic is to t common to veral signal cycle length and relative pha difference. Wire control is
suitable for the interction spacing is small, the traffic trunk line flux is larger, when traffic not discrete, good control effect.
2.6 Surface controlling way
Surface controlling method is also called the regional coordination control or online network control, control object of the system is all the interctions in the city or an area traffic signal. Surface controlling method is an extension of the wire control way. Surface controlling area generally divided into veral sub areas, the area here is to point to in the same cycle to control area. Control system by the central control machine, the sub-area control machine, interction control level 3.Central control machine give each child the best cycle is long, each district control machine is responsible for the pha difference and the optimization of calculation, tuning of interction control machine to do, the overall goal is to make the area of each vehicle when through certain interction of total loss is minimal. Surface control system applicable to veral highways crisscross each other around in the city road network structure, at this time if the drive-by-wire cannot achieve the desired effect.
西安市优质教育资源共享平台
3 Interction traffic signal control optimization method were reviewed
纪念歌词3.1 Classical control method
Early traffic signal controller is in accordance with the fixed percentage of time cycle is long and traffic lights to control the change of the light. The timing control, is study how to according to the interction of road conditions and interction of imported to the traffic flow and traffic to determine the timing signal timing scheme. The scheme including determine the pha quence and number of interctions, and aspect ratio parameters such as cycle and green letter. The main basis of determining the basic parameters of the control signal is to make the interction traffic efficiency is the largest. Its evaluation index generally have the following: capacity, saturation, travel time, frequency, delay, parking rate and fuel consumption, etc.The greater the cycle length, the greater the capacity, but the vehicle delay and fuel consumption also increa; Cycle length is smaller, the delay of parking is smaller, but the proportion of effective green light time drop, uful signal cycle time reduction, capacity fell sharply. Therefore the signal control of interction signal timing principle is: under上汽通用招聘
certain road condition, should match with the appropriate cycle length, slightly higher than that of traf
fic demand for capacity and minimize delays, parking, and fuel consumption. Both to ensure smooth vehicles and reduce the operation cost. The basic principle of timing signal timing technology is the foundation of other control timing.
3.2 The signal control optimization method bad on intelligent control动名词做定语
Although induction control compared to the timing control can adapt to the random variation of traffic flow, but the induction control algorithms only consider the current pha the extension of time, the passage without considering other pha of vehicle queue. Sometimes, even through pha continuous vehicles arrived, if the other direction of vehicle queue length is very long, also want to change in time pha, in order to obtain the interction traffic benefit is the biggest. There are two ways to solve the problem, one is the interction in all directions by using the mathematical model of the vehicle to make accurate predictions, according to the operational rearch and optimization theory to determine the direction of green light time.2 it is to adopt the method of intelligent control to control the interction. Becau the urban traffic system has the characteristics of randomness, fuzziness, uncertainty, difficult to its mathematical model is t up. Scholars at home and abroad by establishing a mathematical model of the traffic system puts forward all kinds of control algorithm, but becau the mathematical model can't reflect the real traffic system very well, even though algori
thms are complex, the control effect are not so good, also poor real-time performance. In recent years, with the development of the theory of intelligent control, with the method of the intelligent control of traffic system control got the attention of scholars. Among various kinds of intelligent control methods, fuzzy control and neural network control is dominant.
4 The ITS and the rearch direction is put forward
In the optimization of traffic signal control of the process, people gradually realize that the traffic signal control couldn't solve the problem of urban traffic congestion. Safety of comprehensive Transportation System, to solve the traffic congestion and traffic accidents, energy and environmental problems, establish efficient, the United States, Japan, Europe and other countries have launched ITS
