China Economic Review 14 (2003) 386 – 400
陈漫作品Rural–urban migration and urbanization in China: Evidence from time-ries and cross-ction analys
Kevin Honglin ZHANGa,*, Shunfeng SONGb,1
a Department of Economics, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-4200, USA
b Department of Economics, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV 89557-0207, USA
Accepted 19 September 2003
出色造句
Abstract
Since 1978, China has experienced a rapid and unprecedented process of urbanization, created by the history’s largest flow of rural – urban migration in the world. This article attempts (a) to asss the role of the cityward migration in China’s urbanization in 1978 – 1999 and (b) to empirically investigate factors behind the migration boom with time-ries and cross-ction data. We find that
(a) rural – urban migration made dominant contributions to Chine urban population growth; (b) while moving together with the Chine economy, the causal link runs from economic growth to migration, not vice versa; (c) interprovince migrants were encouraged by the rural – urban income gap and discouraged by their geographic distances to destinations; and (d) the amount of intraprovince migrants is positively related to rural – urban income gap and urban population in that province.
D 2003 Elvier Inc. All rights rerved.
JEL classification: R58; R23; O53
Keywords: Migration; Urbanization; Rural – urban income gap
1. Introduction
As a result of the rapid economic growth for the two decades since the initiation of economic reforms in 1978, China has been experiencing the rapid urbanization created by the history’s largest flow of rural – urban migration in the world. According to Chine
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-309-438-8928; fax: +1-309-438-5228.
E-mail address: khzhang@ilstu.edu (K.H. Zhang), vada.edu (S. Song). 1 Tel.: +1-775-784-6860; fax: +1-775-784-4728.
1043-951X/$ - e front matter D 2003 Elvier Inc. All rights rerved. doi:10.1016/j.chieco.2003.09.018
K.H. Zhang, S. Song / China Economic Review 14 (2003) 386–400什么是一体机 | 387 |
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government, the urban population share in China ro significantly from 18% in 1978 to 31% in 1999, and urban population ro by 222 million (State Statistical Bureau [SSB], 2000), compared with 280 million of the entire U.S. population. The actual levels of 大米种类urbanization and migrants could be larger, however, if the huge amount of floating people is considered. What is striking in the Chine experience is not only the size of the increa in its urbanization levels in such a short period, but also the magnitude of urban population growth. What explains the timing and the extent of China’s urbanization? What role does the rural – urban migration play in the process of urbanization?
Many studies have examined China’s rural – urban migration and urbanization, includ-ing Chang (2003), Chang and Brada (2002), Hare (1999), Knight and Song (1999), Seeborg, Jin, and Zhu (2000), Song (2001), Song and Zhang (2002)形容年纪大的成语, Wu (1994), 观察豆子日记and Zhao (1999). However, empirical anal
ys of determinants of the rural – urban migration and its role in China’s urbanization have been limited. In particular, we are still uncertain about the magnitude of migrants and factors behind the rising migration. This article attempts to clo up the gap by (a) computing the amount of annual rural – urban migrants through decomposing urban growth into natural growth and net migration and (b) investigating empirically determinants of migration at national and regional levels with time-ries and cross-ction data. Policy implications may be derived on how the Chine government should balance between the inevitably large rural – urban migration and the growing urban unemployment.
美容精油This study is interesting in veral aspects. First, like many developing countries, the problems of unemployment and poverty has begun to emerge in China as a result of rapid urbanization in the last two decades, along with other problems such as a progressive overloading of housing and social rvices, incread crime, pollution, and congestion. Given the rious problems, it is desirable for us to know the factors contributing to the urbanization and cityward migration so that corresponding policies may be derived. Second, China’s experience since 1978 contrasted sharply with its slow and even stagnated urban growth in the 1960s and the 1970s. While many studies have examined the prereform patterns of migration and urbanization, few studies have been devoted to asssing the postreform patterns. Third, as the most populous country, China is an interesting ca for migrati制作读书卡
on studies. China can also offer fascinating comparisons with other developing countries, since China differed to the certain extent from other developing countries in migration and urbanization due to its uniqueness of country size and development experience. Studies of such comparisons and differences may help derive policy implications under various circumstances.
