中国文化概论
闻一多先生的说和做
Lunar calendar
友谊地久天长英文Lunar calendar is a traditional Chine calendar according to which a common year has 354 or 355days in total, 12months of 30days or 29days and a lunar leap year has 383 or 384 days in 13months. According to changes in the position of the sun, a solar year is divided into 24 asonal division points to facilitate farming. The years are designated by pairing items from the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches respectively so that 60 years from a cycle. It is said that the lunar calendar was created during the Xia Dynasty. Hence the term, Xiali, or Xia calendar.
[The Chine calendar is a lunisolar calendar, incorporating elements of a lunar calendar with tho of a solar calendar. It is not exclusive to China, but followed by many other Asian cultures. It is often referred to as the Chine calendar becau it was first perfected by the Chine around 500 BC.]
Mohism
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Mohism, bad on the teachings of Mo Zi, cherishes universal love which states that if all the people in the world loved one another, there would be no hatred, calamities, and hostilities. In politics and ethics Mohism advocates honoring virtuous people, opposing fatalism and aggressive wars, and upholding thriftiness and simple funerals.
[Mohism was a Chine philosophy developed by the followers of Mozi. It evolved at about the same time as Confucianism, Taoism and Legalism and was one of the four main philosophic schools during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.]
The Book of Songs
清炖排骨怎么做好吃The Book of Songs translated variously as the Classic of Poetry, or the Book of Odes, is the earliest existing collection of Chine poems. It compris 305 poems, from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle Spring and Autumn Period and is the best source for the daily lives, hopes, complaints and beliefs of ordinary people in the early Zhou period. The poems of Book of Songs have strict patterns in both rhyme and rhythm.In the
light of rhythms, the works can be divided into three ctions: Feng, Ya and Song, with the ya genre further divided into "small" and "large".
Four treasures of the study
Four treasures of the study refer to the writing brush, ink stick, paper and ink stone. The name appears to originate in the time of the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589 AD). It is widely accepted that the best of each of the items is reprented by the Hu brush, Hui ink stick, Xuan paper, and Duan ink stone, all being highly valued in both China and abroad.
However, classical scholars had more than just the Four treasures in their studies. The other "Treasures" include the brush-holder (笔架), brush-hanger (笔挂信任), paperweights (镇纸), the brush-rinsing pot (笔洗), and the al (鸿鹄之志是什么意思图章) and al-ink (印尼课中坏事2).
Eight-part Essay
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, candidates of the imperial examinations were requir
ed to write essays in strict accordance with an eight-part form known for its rigidity of form and strict adherence to the ideology of the ruling class. New ideas were condemned. An essay in this style must consist of eight paragraphs, that is, Opening, Amplification, Preliminary exposition, Initial argument, Central argument, Latter argument, Final argument , Conclusion, and each paragraph must be written in a t form. Thus, the Eight-part Essay in the classical literary language of earlier eras became the major written genre of the time.
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The structure of much of the essay included heavy parallelism and redundancy, rhetorical features that survive in modern Chine expository writing.
Compass vehicle 航海贡献，东西方
The compass vehicle was an ancient Chine vehicle equipped with many gear wheels and a wooden figure that always pointed south no matter which direction the vehicle went. It’s an earlier and more primitive form of the compass, who invention was firstly for Chine to order and harmonize their environments and buildings in accordance with t
he geomantic principles of feng shui and later enabled mariners to navigate safely far from land, increasing a trade, and contributing to the Age of Discovery
Ping-Pong diplomacy
Ping-Pong diplomacy refers to the exchange of ping pong players between the United States and People's Republic of China (PRC) in the 1970s. The event marked a thaw in U.S.–China relations that paved the way to a visit to Beijing by President Richard Nixon.
In April 1971, at the 31st World Table Tennis Tournament in Japan, the Chine team invited the United States table tennis (Ping-Pong) team to visit China. In 1972, the Chine table tennis team accepted the invitation to pay a return visit to the United States. The friendly exchange between the table tennis players of the two countries opened the door to warmer relations between the Chine and American nations, and became known as “Ping-Pong Diplomacy”.
The Silk Road
The Silk Road was the main trade route running through Asia in ancient times. It started from the Weishui Valley in the east and ended on the east coast of the Mediterranean, from where it led to various places around Europe. From the Western Han Dynasty on, China’s silk was exported via this route to the West, and thus a clor link between China and the West was formed, and cultural exchanges and friendly visits were promoted.
