2009年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析
真题：
There is a marked difference between the education which everyone gets from living with others, and the 关于阳光的唯美句子deliberate（故意的，蓄意的） educating of the young. In the former ca the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express（明白的，明确的；专门的，特别的） reason of the association. （46） It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to cure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify（满足；使高兴） appetites and cure family perpetuity（稳定，永远）; systematic labor, for the most part, becau of enslavement to others, etc. （47）Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in
our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.
But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itlf as an immediate human fact, gains in importance. （48） While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave the conquences wholly out of account. （49） Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will cure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.
（50） We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. The groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.
解析：
1、It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.
【译文】虽然我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是其在丰富和完善人生经验方面所起的作用，但这种作用不并不是我们最初动机的组成部分。
institution 机构
enlarge 丰富
measure 衡量∕判断∕估量的标准
original motive 最初的动机∕目的；初衷
2、Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.
by–product 副产品
西的组词
was considered as 被认为是，被看作是
挟飞仙以遨游
noted 注意；留意；重视
more gradually still 更加缓慢
directive factor 指示性因素
早春出游the conduct of the institution 机构的运行∕运作
【译文】人们只是逐渐地才注意到该机构的这一副产品，而人们把这种作用视为机构运作的指导因素的过程则更为缓慢。
句法分析：倒装句、被动语态。
3、While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.二月二日李商隐
contact with 交往；接触；打交道
disposition 性情，性格
时间的形状
it is not so easy as in dealing with adults
与年轻人打交道时这种情况就不那么容易发生
【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是形式主语、分割结构、省略句。
【译文】虽然在与年轻人的接触中我们容易忽视自己的行为对他们的性情所产生的影响，然而在打交道时这种情况就不那么容易发生。
4、Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will cure this ability.
【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是原因状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句。
chief business 最重要的，首要的，首要的事物∕事情∕任务∕工作∕职责
share in a common life 在日常生活中共享
forming the powers 形成这种能力
cure this ability 确保这种能力；让他们获得这种能力
颈椎病偏方【译文】由于我们对年轻人所做的首要工作在于使他们能够在生活中彼此相融，因此我们不禁要考虑自己是否是在形成让他们获得这种能力的力量。
5、We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling.
lead sb to do sth 使、引导（某人做某事）
tuition 教学，讲授，指导
the broad educational process 广义的，宽泛意义上的教育过程
上巳修禊社谢两园
schooling 学校教育
【译文】这就使得我们得在一直讨论的广义的教育过程中进一步区分出一种更为正式的教育形式，即直接讲授或学校教育。
【句法分析】本题考核的知识点是被动语态、分割结构、定语从句、同位语。
【技巧补充】同位语的翻译，可以充当同位语的有名词、代词、介词短语、不定式等。同位语通常放在本谓语之后，并用逗号与本位语隔开（有时也可不隔开），具有对本位语内
容进行解释说明的功能。如：
各种或代词、形容词、数词等作同位语，一般与本位语译在一起。 如：The theory was advanced by Li Siguang, a famous Chine geologist. 译为：这一理论是由中国的一位著名的地质学家李四光提出的。
有些痛谓语结构复杂一些（如由引导词引导），翻译时一般译在本位语之后，且要用标点符号（逗号、冒号或破折号）隔开。 如：Then aro the question where we were to get the machines needed. 这时就产生了这样一个问题：我们到哪去找 需要的机器。
