新世纪商务英语第二版阅读教程2：叶兴国unit11答案Unit11
Part I Background Information
“物流”的英文是logistics，原意是“军事后勤保障”。二战后，物流的概念被广泛运用于经济领域。所谓物流，是指从原材料和零部件的采购、装卸运输、转运生产、包装、贮存、配送、销售到最终将商品送达用户手中的整个过程所涉及的各个环节中物品移动的流程形态。逆矩阵计算
物流活动包括用户服务、需求预测、订单处理、配送、存货控制运输、仓库管理、工厂和仓库的布局与选址、搬运装卸、采购、包装、情报信息。
现代意义上的物流发端于二十世纪五六十年代，成熟于七八十年代，只有不到半个世纪的发展史，但是物流产业被认为是国民经济发展的动脉和基础产业，其发展程度成为衡量一国现代化程度和综合国力的重要标志之一。
在当今的信息时代，随着电子商务的不断发展，全球物流产业有了新的发展趋势。物流业已经成为经济全球化过程中最重要的话题之一。现伐物流服务的核心目标是在物流全过程中以最小的综合成本来满足顾客的需求。我国的物流产业正处于高速增长的上升阶段，存在着巨大的市场潜力与广阔的发展前景。
Part II Notes to the Texts
Text A Supply-Chaining
1.I had never en what a supply chain looked like in action until I visited Wal-Mart
headquarters in Bentonville,Arkansas.
公司合作
我从来没看过供应链实际的运作，直到我去参观了阿肯色州班多维尔的沃尔玛总部。2.The little conveyor belts fed into a bigger belt,like streams feeding into a powerful river.
这些小传送带通向一个较大的传送带，就像溪流汇合成大河。
Feed：连续投人，供给。例如:The worker kept feeding the wire in the hole.工人不断把金属线穿进孔里。
3.Electric arms from each stream reach out and guide the boxes一ordered by particular
Wal-Mart stores一off the main river and down its stream,where another conveyor belt sweeps them into a waiting Wal-Mart truck,which will rush the particular products onto the shelves of a particular Wal-Mart store somewhere in the country.
每条小河都会伸出电臂，把各沃尔玛分店预订的货箱从大河导出并引人小河，另条输送带把这些货箱缓缓送进正E在等候的沃尔玛货车。这些货车马上就把这些货物送到美国某处分店的货架上。
古都西安4.So no sooner does your arm lift a product off the local Wal-Mart's shelf and onto the
checkout counter than another mechanical arm starts making another one somewhere in the world.
感恩老师的语言你刚从当地沃尔玛货架上拿下一一件商品到收银台付款，世界的某个地方就有台机器开始制造另一件相同的物品。
5.Call it"the Wal-Mart Symphony"in multiple movements一with no finale.
称其为一首由多个乐章构成但没有终曲的“沃尔玛交响曲”。
movement：交响乐的乐章。
6.Supply-chaining is a method of collaborating horizontally一among suppliers,retailers,and
customers一to create value.
供应链是一种为了创造价值，在供应商、零售商和顾客之间横向合作的方法。
7.Supply-chaining is both enabled by the flattening of the world and a hugely important
flattener itlf,becau the more the supply chains grow and proliferate,the more they force the adoption of common standards between companies(so that every link of every supply chain can interface with the next)，the more they eliminate points of friction at borders,the more the efficiencies of one company get adopted by the others,and the more they encourage global collaboration.
供应链既是世界推平后的产物，其本身也是一股推平世界的重要力量。供应链越多，越扩散，就越逼迫企业采取同样的标准，好让每个供应链的每个环节都能扣紧下一个环节;
越消除边界的摩擦，--家公司的高效率做法就越多地被其他公司效仿，就越能促进全球合作。
8.What he means is that with today's technology it is difficult to keep intellectual property
cret and thus easy to rever-engineer any product and"makes tuff"in a matter of days.
他的意思是，在如今的技术之下，知识产权很难保密，很容易对任何产品进行逆向工程并在短期内制造出仿品。
in a matter of days：不久。
9.a finely tuned chain operating in concert：一条经过精细调整、配合密切的链。
Text B21st-Century Clippers
1.Mr.Smith pioneered the air-express business in the early19705by delivering a few hundred
parcels overnight to a handful of American cities using Falcon aircraft the size of an executive jet.
史密斯先生在20世纪70年代初期，使用大小与公务机相仿的“猎鹰’飞机隔夜把几百件包裹投递到一些美国城市，从而开创了航空快递业务。
2."Synchronizing the World of Commerce on its270-plus aircraft and90,000-Pius vehicles…….
在E270多架区机和90000多辆车上“使商务世界协同运行”
叹红颜3.It may not exactly trip off the tongue.它可能并不特别上口。
4.Nowadays firms ranging from trucking companies to freight forwards,shipping lines,air
cargo carriers and post offices are more likely to u the word"logistics'to describe what they do.如今，无论是卡军公司、货运代理公司、船务公司、货运航空公司，还是邮局，都很可能用“物流”来描
述他们的业务。
5."Supply-chain management is an evolution of logistics.Logistics tends to be tactical,supply
chain management is strategic."
“供应链管理是从物流演变而来的。物流往往是战术上的，而供应链管理是战略上的。”
6.But as this survey will show,supply chains harbour dangers too.
正如这个调查所显示的，供应链也存在危险。
7.If something goes wrong-and it often does一business will quickly grind to a halt.
如果出现问题一那是常有的事--业务就会戛然而止。
grind to a halt：慢慢停下来。
8.Experts worry that some companies do not fully understand the risks of operating very lean
international supply chains.
专家们担心有些公司并没有完全了解运行低库存国际供应链的各种风险。
Part III Reference Keys
Text A Supplying-chaining
pop广告设计I.Discuss in groups and answer the following questions about the text.
1.Free answer.
2.Free answer.
II.Decide whether the following statements are true or fal according to the text.
1.F
2.T
3.F
4.T
5.F6F7F8F
Text B21st-Century Clippers
I.Discuss in groups and answer the following questions about the text.
1.Free answer.
2.Free answer.教学点
II.Choo the best answer to each of the flowing questions according to what is stated or implied in the text.
1.C
2.D
3.A
4.B
5.D
莲花山公园III.Translate the following ntences into Chine.
1.实际上这句话不可能是口误，而是对一家已远远超越单一快递业务的企业恰如其分的描述。
2.持续处于降低成本和在全球范围增加销售的压力之下，企业把经营业务外包给能把它们做得更好且成本更低的分包商，把更多的生产和服务转移到成本更低的国家。
3.供应链领导者很清楚公司是如何运行的，因为他们必须与经营业务中所有不同的环节打交道。
4.实际上，有些企业并不知道谁在向他们的供应商供货，甚至不知道有些低阶供应商在什么地方。
