托福TPO24综合写作及材料原文
胃穿孔 托福TPO24综合写作范文
The reading passage points out three evidences that indicate the existence of actually tissue in dinosaur fossil. However, the professor doubts the accuracy of
the evidences. In fact, he offers some alternative explanations for the substances found in the fossil.
First and foremost, he challenges the existence of blood vesls. Instead, he points out that bacteria may occupy the hollows inside the bones. Therefore, it is highly possible that the soft substance in the branching channels of the bone is the moist residue of bacteria, rather than blood vesls of the dinosaur.
Moreover, the professor casts doubt about the red substance in sphere, which according to the reading passage is the remain of red blood cells. In fact, the professor claims that this red substance was also found in some other animals, which lived in the same place but
had no red blood vesls at all. The professor argues that the sphere can be pieces of red minerals.
Additionally, the professor doubts the existence of collagen in the fossil. On the contrary to the reading passage, he points out that the earliest collagen that has ever found is in fossils 100000 ago. It is unlikely for collagen to last for more than 70 million years. As a result, the professor suggests that the collagen may come from recent sources, such as the skin of rearchers who handed the fossil.
托福TPO24综合写作阅读材料：
Animal fossils usually provide very little opportunity to study the actual animal tissues becau in fossils the animals' living tissues have been largely replaced by minerals. Thus, scientists were very excited recently when it appeared that a
70-希奇的近义词�荆州博物馆\million-�水神的新娘\year-最粗的树�\old fossil of Tyrannosaurus rex (T. rex), a dinosaur, might still
contain remains of the actual tissues of the animal. The discovery was made when
rearchers deliberately broke open the T. rex’s leg bone, thereby exposing its insides to reveal materials that em to be remains of blood vesls, red blood cells, and collagen matrix.
动物化石很难帮助人们研究动物的软组织，这是因为化石里面的动物活性组织大 部分都被矿物质代替了。最近，发现一个 7 千万年前的霸王龙化石中可能存在 真正的动物软组织。这令科学家们非常兴奋。科学家小心翼翼地打开了霸王龙腿 骨的时候，发现里面存在着可能为血管、血红细胞和胶原蛋白基质的物质。
First, the breaking of the fossilized leg bone revealed many small branching channels inside, which probably correspond to hollows in the bones where blood vesls were once located. The exciting finding was the prence of a soft, flexible organic substance inside the channels. This soft substance may very well reprent the remains of the actual blood vesls of T. rex.
首先，打开腿骨化石之后，科学家发现了内部有一些管状分支，这些管状分支可 能是骨内血管存在的地方。令人兴奋的是在这些管状分支中存在着柔软的有机物 质。这些柔软的
物质可能是霸王龙真正血管的遗留痕迹。
Second, microscopic examination of the various parts of the inner bone revealed the prence of spheres that could be the remains of red blood cells. Tests showed that the spheres contained iron a material vital to the role of red blood cells in transporting oxygen to tissues. Moreover, the spheres had dark red centers (substances with iron tend to be reddish in color) and were also about the size of red blood cells.
第二，通过显微镜对骨内部多处进行详细检查之后发现了一些可能是血红细胞化 石的球状体。检测发现这些球状体里面还有铁，而铁在血红细胞往组织内输送氧气的过程中扮演重要角色。而且，这些球状体中间呈红色，而含有铁元素的物质
往往是红色的，同时这些球状体的大小也符合血红细胞。
Third, scientists performed a test on the dinosaur leg bone that showed that it contained collagen. Collagen is a fibrous protein that is a main component of living bone tissue, in which it forms a so-�\called collagen matrix. Collagen (or its chemical derivatives) is exa
ctly the kind of biochemical material that one would expect to find in association with bone tissue.
第三，科学家的测试发现这个恐龙腿骨化石中还有胶原蛋白。胶原蛋白是一种纤 维化蛋白质，是生物骨组织的重要组成部分，以胶原蛋白基质的形式存在。胶原 蛋白或者其衍生物是一种存在于骨骼软组织中的生化物质。
嗨氏楚河>哲理语录 托福TPO24综合写作听力材料：
As much as we would like to have the remains of actual dinosaur tissue, there are sound reasons for being skeptical of the identifications made in the reading.
尽管我们都希望这些化石是真正的恐龙组织，但是还是有一些很有说服力的理由 让我们怀疑阅读部分的发现。
First, the soft, flexible substance inside the bone channels isn’t necessarily the remains of blood vesls. It is much more likely to be something el. Like what? You might say. Well, long after an organism is died, bacteria sometimes colonize hollows, empty areas in
bones, like the channels that once held blood vesls. When bacteria lived inside bones, they often leave behind traces of organic material. What the rearchers in the reading are identifying as blood vesls might just be traces of soft and moist residue left by bacteria colonies.
