Name____________________________ Final Exam Fall 2009
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Foliated metamorphic rocks posss _____.
a.leafy plant fossils (ancient foliage)
b. a homogenous texture resulting from randomly oriented grains
c. a planar fabric consisting of mineral grains in preferred orientations or preferred
patterns of association (banding)
d.minerals precipitated directly from a water
____ 2. At a convergent plate boundary, two oppod plates _____.
葛粉的功效
c.slide past one another
____ 3. Harry Hess not only propod the idea of a-floor spreading but also documented overwhelming evidence to support it.
b.fal
____ 4. Mid-ocean ridges are _____.
b.divergent plate boundaries
____ 5. There are a number of unexpected negative side effects associated with Tsunamis such as incread dia rates.
击节叹赏
a.True
b.Fal
____ 6. James Hutton, the “father of geology,” put forth the principle of _____.
a.superposition
d.uniformitarianism
____7. April 18, 1906 was the great San Francisco quake where much of the damage to the city was done by fires and much of the damage incurred by the Chine was done by people.
b.fal
天狼星人
____8. Large, thick, non-volcanic mountain belts, like the Himalayas are features associated with _____ plate boundaries.
b.divergent
____9. Unlike the lithosphere, the asthenosphere _____.
a.is able to flow over long periods of time
b.has a density similar to the core
c.varies in thickness from place to place
d.is relatively cool
____10. As compared to the asthenosphere, the lithosphere is _____.
b.hotter and more able to flow
d.hotter and less able to flow
U the diagram below to answer the following questions.
____11. The oldest geologic unit in the cross ction is the _____.
b.marble
c.limestone
d.sandstone
____12. The surfaces named contacts #2 and #3 are examples of _____.
b.faults
c.baked contacts
d.unconformities
____13. Concerning relative ages of the granite and sandstone, _____.
a.the granite must be older, according to the principle of superposition
b.the sandstone must be older, according to the principle of superposition
c.the granite must be older, according to the principle of components
d.their relative ages cannot be determined from the information given
____14. The youngest geologic unit visible in the cross ction is the _____.
b.limestone
d.marble
____15. The youngest a floor occurs _____.
a.along passive margins
b.along active margins
c.along mid-ocean ridges
d.randomly over the entire ocean basin烘托渲染
____16. Which earthquake intensity scale measures the amplitude of deflection of a ismograph pen, using
a logarithmic scale?
a.Richter scale
b.Mercalli scale
c.ismic-moment magnitude scale
____17. At transform plate boundaries _____.
a.earthquakes are common, but volcanoes are abnt
b.volcanoes are common, but earthquakes do not occur
王开头的成语c.both earthquakes and volcanoes are common
____18. Sea-floor spreading is driven by volcanic activity _____.
a.in the middle of abyssal plains
b.along mid-ocean ridges
c.at the edges of continental shelves
d.along fracture zones
____19. Frost wedging, root wedging, and salt wedging are all examples of _____.
b.chemical weathering
c.physical weathering
d.deposition
____20. Earthquakes only occur _____ the brittle/ductile transition depth.
a.above
b.below
c.at or near
____21. How many ismic stations are necessary to find the epicenter of an earthquake?
<
b.two
c.three
d.four
____22. Wegener propod continental drift after he obrved evidence from fossils, glacial deposits, and the fit of the continents that suggested all of the continents were once _____.
a.aligned north to south along the prime meridian during the late Cenozoic
b.aligned east to west along the equator during the late Mesozoic through the
Cenozoic
新手学做菜through the Mesozoic
____23. Diagenesis refers to _____.
a.the development of layering within dimentary rocks
b.the act of deposition of diment, which will ultimately form dimentary rock
c.physical and chemical alterations, including compaction and cementation, that
occur as diment is transformed into rock
____24. Generally which type of earthquake waves travel fastest?
a.Love waves
b.Rayleigh waves
c.surface waves
d.body waves or compressional waves known as P and S waves
____25. Aftershocks following a major earthquake _____.
a.may continue for days after the initial earthquake
b.are mostly much smaller than the original earthquake
c.may occur on the same fault as the original earthquake, or a different fault
d.all of the above
____26. A body of rock to which a sudden, rapid stress has been applied is more likely to exhibit _____ than is a body of rock subjected to a gradually applied stress.
a.brittle behavior
b.ductile behavior
____27. A mass spectrometer is an analytical instrument that us magnets and current to count the number of parent and daughter isotopes in a mineral
a.True
b.Fal
____28. Which of the following minerals is MOST susceptible to chemical weathering?
a.halite
b.feldspar
c.pyroxene
d.quartz
____29. Under the theory of plate tectonics, the plates themlves are _____.
a.discrete pieces of lithosphere (around 20 total) at the surface of the solid Earth
that move with respect to one another
b.discrete layers of lithosphere that are vertically stacked one atop the other
rocks
d.very thick (approximately one-quarter of Earth’s radius)
____30. Wegener ud (among other things) evidence for a united Pangaea that came from the fossil record of which type(s) of organisms?
a.plants
b.large terrestrial animals
c.freshwater animals
d.all of the above
____31. Seamount chains like tho associated with the Hawaiian Islands are the remnants of volcanoes formed within the interior of lithospheric plates; the volcanoes formed as a result of hot spots.
a.Agree
b.Disagree
____32. The sides of a fold, where curvature is at a minimum, are termed _____.
a.branches
b.limbs
c.axial planes
d.hinges
____33. Tectonic plates move at rates that are approximately _____.
a. 1 to 5 cm every 1,000 years
b. 1 to 15 cm/year
c. 1 to 15 m/year
d.10 to 100 m/year
____34. The volcanoes of the Cascades Mountains are related to melting of rock associated with a _____ plate boundary.
b.divergent
____35. The focus is the surface expression of the epicenter of an earthquake.
a.True
b.Fal - Give me a break - no way!
____36. Wegener’s idea of continental drift was rejected by American geologists becau _____.
a.his English was too poor to be understood by them
b.he could not conceive of a valid mechanism that would cau continents to shift
positions
c.he had relatively little evidence supporting the existence of a supercontinent
d.the apparent fit of continental coastlines is blurred when the margins are defined
by the edges of continental shelves rather than a level
____37. The oldest basalts on the ocean floor are about _____ years old.
a.50 thousand
b. 4 billion
c.200 million
d. 2.5 million
____38. The point on Earth’s surface directly above the point where an earthquake occurs is termed the _____.
a.focus
b.epicenter
< of the fault
d.vertex
____39. The Wadati-Benioff zone is a belt of earthquakes found _____.
a.within an otherwi stable continental interior
b.within an overriding plate at a subduction zone
c.within a downgoing plate at a subduction zone
d.along mid-ocean ridges
____40. The age of oceanic crust _____ with increasing distance from a mid-ocean ridge.
a.increas
b.decreas夫妻和睦
____41. All earthquakes are produced when previously cohesive bodies of rock are split along a sliding surface.
实名制管理制度b.fal
____42. During a vere earthquake, Love waves gently caress the surface of the Mother Earth providing a safe haven from the more violent P-waves.
a.agree
b.disagree
