Questions and Tasks
CHAPTER 1： Introduction: human language and linguistics
1. How do you interpret the following definition of linguistics:
Linguistics is the scientific study of language.
2. In what basic ways does modern linguistics differ from traditional grammar?
3. How is Saussure’s distinction between langue and parole similar to Chomsky’s distinction
CHAPTER 2： Phonetics and Phonology
4. What criteria are ud to classify the English vowels?
笔记本怎么看显卡>秋天优美句子摘抄>推荐信英语作文5. How do phonetics and phonology differ in their focus of study?
6. What is a phone? How is it different from a phoneme? How are allophones related to a p
honeme?
7. Give the phonetic symbol for each of the following sound descriptions (e p.32)
CHAPTER 3： Morphology
8. Define the following terms：
morpheme free morpheme
bound morpheme compound
derivation inflection
open-class clod-class
grammatical word lexical word
affix root
stem
9. Think of three morpheme suffixes, give their meaning, and specify the types of stem they may be suffixed to. Give at least two examples of each.
Model: -or
suffix: -or
meaning: the person or thing performing the action
stem type: added to verbs
examples: actor, "one who acts in stage plays, motion pictures, etc."
• translator, "one who translates"
10. Think of three morpheme prefixes, give their meaning, and specify the types of stem they may be prefixed to. Give at least two examples of each.
Model:社会实践报告1000字 a-
preffix: a-
meaning: “without; not"
stem type: added to adjectives
examples: asymmetric, “lacking symmetry”
axual, “without x or x organs”
CHAPTER 4: Syntax
11. 运动发型The following phras include a head, a complement, and a specifier. Draw the appropriate tree structure for each.
full of people
move towards the window
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12. Draw phra structure trees for each of the following ntences.
Marie became very ill.
He often reads detective stories.
13. The derivations of the following ntences involve the inversion transformation. Give the deep structure and the surface structure of each of the ntences.
Should the student report the incident?
What did you eat for lunch?
CHAPTER 5: Semantics
14. What are the major types of synonyms in English?
15. Explain with examples “homonymy”, “polymy”, and “hyponymy”.
16. To which category does each of the following pairs of antonyms belong?
north/south, vacant/occupied, above/below, literate/illiterate, doctor/patient, poor/rich, wide/narrow, father/daughter
17. Try to analyze the following ntences in terms of prediction analysis:
The man lls ice-cream.
The tree grows well.
CHAPTER 6: Pragmatics
18. What does pragmatics study? How does it differ from traditional mantics?
19. According to Austin, what are the three acts a person is possibly performing while making an utterance. Give an example.
20. What are the four maxims of the CP? Try to give your own examples to show how flouting the maxims gives ri to conversational implicature?这篇文章
CHAPTER 7: Sociolinguistics
21. How is language related to society?
22. In what n is the standard dialect a special variety of language?
23. How do bilingualism and diglossia differ, and what do they have in common?
CHAPTER 8: Psycholinguistics
24. What is lateralization of the human brain?
25. What is psycholinguistics?
26. What have we learnt from the rearch into the comprehension of spoken and written language?
27. What is the Levelt’s model for 更重要的事speech production?
28. Do you agree to the innateness hypothesis? Why do or why don’t?
29. How do children acquire WH questions?
30. What are the three stages in children’s acquisition of English negatives?
CHAPTER 9: Applied Linguistics
31. What is the relationship between applied linguistics and foreign language teaching?
32. What are the three major factors in syllabus design?
33. Try to explain the following terms:
applied linguistics, task-bad learning approach, proficiency test, achievement test, validity, reliability, L1 transfer, interlanguage, learning strategies, intralingual error, interlingual error
34. What is Krashen’s Input Hypothesis?
35. Identify the errors in the following ntences and trace the possible cau for each error.
Plea do not hinder my work.
