Ernest Hemingway深圳市宝安区 (1899-1961)
In 1926，Hemingway published The Sun Also Ris，which was a tremendous success．Hemingway became the spokesman for what Gertrude Stein called“a lost generation．”In the novel, a xually impotent veteran (退伍兵) of World War I，Jake Barnes，relates the story of a group of English and American expatriates in Paris六年级数学下册，who empty arch for nsation (追求感官享乐) in juxtapod with (与… 形成鲜明对照) the rich tradition of peasant life in Spain．For the expatriates，living with dignity and grace is the only thing they can do．
In 1927 Hemingway brought out Men without Women (没有女人的男人)，a collection of stories. His cond novel，A Farewell to Arms，appeared in 1929．It is about both love and war. The romance between Frederick Henry，an American army officer, and Catherine Barkey，a British nur ends in the heroine’s death in childbirth．Death and destruction em to be the themes of life难忘那一刻．Hemingway also produced Death in the Afternoon (午后的死亡,1932)，a book about bullfighting，and The Green Hills of Africa上海的秋天, a book about hunting，which was printed in 1935 after his hunting expedition to Africa.
When the Spanish Civil war broke out，Hemingway went there as a correspondent. The experience provided invaluable material for his For whom the Bell Tolls (丧钟为谁而鸣), which appeared in 1940．It was an immediate success．Triumph and confidence wiped out many years’anger, bitterness and frustration．Twin plots interweave the story：the dynamiting of a bridge by a guerilla group，and the 1ove affair between an American partisan (志愿兵) and a girl in the group防火小报．怎么泡酒The hero’s fearlessness before death restates Hemingway’s heroic code of grace under pressure. In 1940, Hemingway married a political-minded young journalist named Martha Gellhorn after divorcing his cond wife．
When W W II broke out，Hemingway plunged himlf in it as a war correspondent and was cited for bravery. In 1944, he had his fourth marriage in Cuba. The life here proved to be fruitful，for in 1952, he published another masterpiece , The Old Man and the Sea，which restored his former literary image. His “mastery of the art of modern narration” made him the Nobel Prize Winner in l954. But Hemingway's later life was gloomy. Poor health, delusion , depression, anxiety and decline in his genius for writing fi
nally led the man to commit suicide on Sunday morning ,July 2,1961 with the same double-barreled shotgun his father had ud when c omitting suicide. With his death, an era also came to an end.
Hemingway’s literary status is made cure by The Sun Also Ris，A Farewell to Arms，For whom the Bell Tolls, The Old Man and the Sea and a dozen of first-rate short stories: The Killers and The Snows of Kilimanjaro（乞力马扎罗的雪）, to name just a few. He is now widely recognized as one of the most important and influential American novelists of the twentieth century. His negative, naturalistic view of the world and life makes him esntially a negative writer. Life, for Hemingway, is full of battles and tension. Destruction and death are human beings’ fate．But if you keep calm and stand on your“code of honor ( 保持尊严的行为准则)”，you may win graceand dignity．Thus，“grace under pressure’’best embodies Hemingway，the tough guy who survived numerous injuries and two air crashes (两次飞机失事)．Defiance of death (蔑视死亡) is the only cure to the fear of death．Hemingway’s typical heroes know the law of compensation：If you cannot live long，you play well and live well．They enjoy pleasure
s of life (x，alcohol，and sport)in face of ruin and death.
Ernest Hemingway’s highly innovative style and technique won him the appellation (称号)“Papa Hemingway”in America．He developed a new style of writing, the colloquial style．Influenced by Mark Twain，Sherwood Anderson，Gertrude Stein, and especially by Ezra Pound，Hemingway’s writing is simple，conci and no-nonn．But the emingly uncomplicated ntences are often deceiving. More often than not there are rich symbolic undercurrents (富于深刻寓意和底蕴技术培训)．His famous iceberg theory (冰山理论/爱情协议书原则) best accounts for this：one eighth of an iceberg is above the water，while ven eighths is underneath the water．Profound levels of meaning and strong emotions will not enchant you until you dive into the water．
Selected Reading : The Sun Also Ris
SUMMARY The story is told by Jake Barnes, an expatriate (侨居国外者) American working as a journalist in the Paris of the I920s. In the First World War he received a wound that made him impotent (失去性爱功能) and now, despite his frenetic (疯狂) social
round of drinking, parties and dancing, his life is frustrated and embittered (失败而痛苦). One of his casual friends in Paris is Robert Cohn, a shy young New York Jew who first novel has recently made a hit (引起轰动); he lives with a grasping and posssive (贪婪、占有欲很强的) woman, Frances.
One evening Jake picks up a prostitute, Georgette, at a cafe and takes her to dinner, hoping to find her conversation amusing, but he is disappointed. After the meal they go to a local dancing-club with Robert, Frances and the Braddocks, a naive (天真的) and respectable American couple. Shortly after his arrival Jake es Brett (Lady Ashley), an English friend. They immediately leave together and drive around in a taxi; as they talk it becomes clear that they are in love but Jake's impotence (机能的丧失) has destroyed any chance of a relationship. Now they try to forget their love and avoid each other. Jake leaves Brett in a bar and goes sadly back to his flat. Lying awake in bed that night, unable to sleep, he thinks bitterly of the war and of his meeting with Brett when she was a hospital nur in England. In the early hours of the morning he is awakened by Brett. Now completely drunk, she bursts into his flat to tell him abbout an Italian count (伯爵) wh
om she has met at the bar where he said goodbye to her.
