析功能翻译理论
A Survey on the Functional Translation Theory
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【作者】肖振凤；
【导师】刘惠敏；
【作者基本信息】哈尔滨工程大学，英语语言文学， 2002，硕士
【摘要】作为语际交流和文化传播的一种工具，翻译的作用已显得至关重要。随着人们对翻译认识的不
断加深，各种各样的翻译理论层出不穷。在这种情况下，德国学者于20世纪70年代提出了功能翻译这个概念范畴。在莱斯，威米尔，曼塔利和诺德等人的努力下，这个想法发展成为具有完善体系的功能翻译理论。与传统的等值翻译理论不同，该理论不再把原语文本作为衡量翻译的唯一标尺，并且把翻译研究置于行为理论和跨文化交际理论的框架中。翻译被定义为翻译行为的一部分，而翻译行为则是通过译者生成的信息传递媒介来实现跨文化和跨语言传递信息的过程。翻译因此具备目的性、交际性、跨文化性、人际性和文本生成的特征。功能翻译理论本质上认为翻译是一种目的性行为。其注重文本和译文的功能，特别是译语文本的功能。正如威米尔指出，译者在整个翻译过程中的参照系不应是对等理论中所注重的原文及其功能，而应是译文在译语文化环境中所期望达到的一种或几种交际功能。这个理论试图将翻译从源语的奴役中解放出来，从译入者的新视角来诠释翻译活动。因此，翻译功能理论也为英汉互译研究开辟了一个新视角。首先，此理论对翻译实践有较现实的指导性作用。它启示我们在翻译过程中和评估译文质量时应采用多元的标准。因为在功能翻译中的合适标准是个动态的概念。其次，它对翻译研究的一个重要贡献在于它为一些违反现有翻译标哈尔滨_[程大学硕士学位论文准但却经实际检验十分成功的翻译实践提供了理论依据，引起人们对一些传统上不提倡、但从译文功能角度来看有时是必须的翻译方法如删减、调整等重新评价，对扩大翻译研究的范围有一定的启发作用。基于此，引起国内一些学者对各种翻译变体的研究。本文旨在深入研究以目的论为核心的翻译功能理论，以便证明其优点，验证其适用范围及其对英汉互译实践的指导性作第一章阐述了解析功能翻译理论的目的，这样使得整篇论文的主旨始终。第二章是对这个理论的简单介绍，包括四个部分：
对功能翻译理论形成的简单回顾及此理论的核心，翻译的定义及本质，翻译过程参与者的作用和基本的翻译原则。第四章详细论述了这个理论对我们翻译研究与翻译实践的启发作用。第五章基于对此理论的认识，找出其适用范围和它在英汉互译实践中的作用。第六章总结出该理论的发展前景。最后一部分为整篇论文的扼要概括。更多还原
【Abstract】Translation has become extremely important as an instrument of inter-lingual communication and cultural exchange. Various kinds of translation theories have been put forward as man’s understanding of挡组词
translation becomes deeper and deeper. It is under this kind of circumstances that the functional concept of translation was put forward by some German scholars in 1970s. Owing to the great contributions done by Katharina Reiss. Hans J. Vermeer, Justa-Holz Manttari and Christiane Nord, the concept developed into the sound system of the functional translation theory. Different from the equivalence-bad theories, it dethrones the authority of the source-text and puts the translation study into the framework of the action theory and cross-cultural communication theory. Translation in this theory is defined as a part of translational action which is viewed as the process of transferring message transmitters produced by translators. And translation is characterized by the intentional, communicative, intercultural, interpersonal and text-producing features. Esntially, the theory involv
es viewing translation as a purpoful activity and the focus of this theory is on the function or functions of texts and translations, especially the target- text’s function. As Vermeer puts, the overall frame of reference for the translator should not be theoriginal and its function, as equivalence-bad theory would have it, but the function or t of functions the target-text is to achieve in the target culture.This theory tries to liberate translation from the constraints of the source-text and to expound the translating action from the translator’s perspective. Thus it has opened up a new perspective to E-C and C-E translation studies. First,暧昧办公室
the functional translation theory has directive function to translation practice. It enlightens us to do translation and to evaluate translation with multi-dimensional criteria becau the adequacy criterion is a dynamic concept. Second, the concept has provided theoretical basis for some translation practices ud to be considered against the existing criteria of translation but with satisfactory practical outcome and provoked reappraisal of certain methods such as abridgement, adaptation and so on. As a result, a study on various translation varieties is evoked in China. This paper aims to provide an in-depth discussion of the functional translation theory who nucleus is Skopostheory so that to justify its advantages and to find the fields where it is uful.Chapter one tells the purpo I want to survey the theory so that the whole survey is oriented toward the major concerns of the thesi
s. Chapter two is the introduction about the theory which consists of four parts: a brief overview of howthe functional translation theory came into being and its nucleus, the definition and nature of translation, roles of participants involved in the translation process and the basic principles of translation. Chapter three is the analysis of and comments on the theory. Chapter four is the details about the theory’s role of enlightenment to our translation studies and practices. Chapter five will illustrate the fields the theory can be applied to and its role in E-C and C-E translation practice. The margin area worth
further study in the theory will form into Chapter six. And the last part is the conclusion of the whole thesis
征税对象
作者基本信息】湖南师范大学，英语语言文学， 2006，硕士
我的小妈【摘要】传统的翻译标准把“忠实”或“对等”作为翻译的唯一乃至最高标准。在这种标准的指导下，最初译文对原文信息和形式的偏离被视为误译，后来这种限制放宽到译文要忠实于原文内容，形式可以有所改变。在这种限制性规范下，误译成为了一种强有力的攻击译者的武器，译者在翻译活动中被视为原作者的仆人，译文的最佳状态应是原文的翻版，稍与原文有所偏差的译文便斥为误译，以致翻译作品中的误译现象非常普遍。自从20世纪70年代翻译的“文化转向”以来，人们对翻译的认识发生了根本
性的变化：翻译活动是一项复杂的人类活动，它不是单纯的语言转换，更是两种文化的转换，是一种跨文化的交际行为，翻译不是在真空中进行，而是受到一定的社会文化因素的影响。因此我们不能因为译文在语言层面上与原文有偏离就加以斥责，而应该把误译放在具体的社会文化环境下进行考察。误译中有不少是由于文化因素而引起的，这类误译在本文中定义为文化误译。对于文化误译，我们应该具体分析其原因，然后再采取相应的态度，而不是一味地否定。本文之所以把文化误译作为研究对象，是因为无论什么类型的翻译都或多或少地受到两种语言文化的影响，对影响翻译活动的各种社会文化因素的分析已经成为了翻译研究中势不可挡的趋势。但是迄今为止还没有人对文化误译下过定论，本文把文化误译定义为由于受到各种文化因素的影响而导致的对原文信息或形式的不忠实或者是由于译者缺乏跨文化意识，文化处理能力不足而造成的误译。从译者的主观目的的角度来分，文化误译可分为无意文化误译和有意文化误译，而后者是本文研究的重点。本文引入功能翻译理论的一些基本观点来分析证明由于翻译活动涉及到两种语言文化环境，文化误译存在不可避免性和合理性，应该得到译界的理解，而不是不分青红皂白地就把它作为避免和攻击的对象。文化误译的研究并不是本文最终研究目的，作者从文化误译入手，试图将国外一些新的观念融入对我国传统译论的深入理解之中，以充实我们对当代翻译批评标准的认识。传统的翻译批评模式过于机械和僵硬, 更多还原
水煮肉片的家常做法【Abstract】 The traditional translation studies holds "faithfulness" or "equivalence" as the only or even supreme criterion. Under the guidance of this criterion, in the early period of the translation stu
dies, the deviation from the original form and content is taken as mistranslation. Then with the development of translation studies, the "faithfulness" criterion acknowledges the linguistic form of the target text needn’t to be equivalent with the original, but the content should be faithful to the original. Accordingly, mistranslation becomes the most forceful weapon to attack the translator. During the translation process, the translator is the
rvant of the original author, the "best" translation is the reproduction of the original text without any traces of deviation or betray. Conquently, a small degree of deviation from the original could be denounced as mistranslation and the phenomenon of mistranslation is in universal existence. Since the "culture turn" in 1970s in translation studies, the common n towards translation has changed greatly: translating activity is a complex human activity, it is not only an activity of linguistic transference, but also the communication of cultures. Translation never takes place in a vacuum but is restricted by all kinds of socio-cultural factors. So it is unreasonable to denounce the mistranslation for its little deviation from the original text on the linguistic level. The correct way of doing should be examining it in a broad socio-cultural environment. We take the mistranslations which result from cultural factors as cultural mistranslations in this paper, and what should be required is to analyze the caus of them objectively and then take corresponding attitudes, instead 天龙山石窟
of denying them completely.This prent paper takes cultural mistranslation as its rearch subject becau of the fact that whatever translation should be influenced more or less by the two languages and cultures involved. It has been in an uncontrolled trend to study various cultural factors influencing translation in contemporarytranslation studies. But up to now, there is no final conclusion about the definition of cultural mistranslation, in this paper, cultural mistranslation refers to the deviation
