Designation:A403/A403M–02An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings1
This standard is issued under thefixed designation A403/A403M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or,in the ca of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parenthes indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for u by agencies of the Department of Defen.
1.Scope
1.1This specification covers wrought stainless steelfittings
for pressure piping applications.2
1.2Several grades of austenitic stainless steel alloys are
included in this specification Grades are designated with a
prefix,WP or CR,bad on the applicable ASME or MSS
dimensional and rating standards,respectively.
1.3For each of the WP stainless grades,veral class of fittings are covered,to indicate whether amless or welded construction was utilized.Class designations are also utilized to indicate the nondestructive test method and extent of nondestructive examination(NDE).Table1is a general summary of thefitting class applicable to all WP grades of stainless steel covered by this specification.There are no class for the CR grades.Specific requirements are covered elwhere.
1.4This specification is expresd in both inch-pound units and in SI units.However,unless the order specifies the applicable“M”specification designation(SI units),the mate-rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.5The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded parately as standard.Within the text,the SI units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents;therefore,each system must be ud independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation.
1.6This specification does not apply to cast steelfittings. Austenitic stainless steel castings are covered in Specifications A351/A351M,A743/A743M,and A744/A744M.
2.Referenced Documents
2.1ASTM Standards:
四年级同步作文
A262Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranu-
lar Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels3
A351/A351M Specification for Castings,Austenitic, Austenitic-Ferritic(Duplex),for Pressure-Containing Parts4
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products3
A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Heavy Steel Forgings5
A480/A480M Specification for General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate, Sheet,and Strip3
A743/A743M Specification for Castings,Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel,Corrosion-Resistant,for General Application4
A744/A744M Specification for Castings,Iron-Chromium-Nickel,Corrosion-Resistant,for Severe Ser-vice4
A751Test Methods,Practices,and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products3
A960Specification for Common Requirements for Wrought Steel Piping Fittings6
E112Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size7 E165Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination8
E213Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipe and Tubing7
变速车2.2ASME Standards:
ASME B16.9Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Fittings9
1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01on Steel,
Stainless Steel,and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpo Applications.
Current edition approved June102002.Published June2002.Originally published as A403–56T.Last previous edition A403/A403M–01.
2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vesl Code applications e related Specifi-cation SA-403in Section II of that Code.
3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol01.03.
4Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol01.02.
5Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol01.05.
6Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol01.01.
7Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol03.01.
8Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol03.03.
9Available from ASME International,Three Park Avenue,New York,NY 10016-5990.
TABLE1Fitting Class for WP Grades
Class Construction Nondestructive Examination S Seamless None
W Welded Radiography or Ultrasonic
WX Welded Radiography
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WU Welded Ultrasonic
1
Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States.
ASME B16.11Forged Steel Fittings,Socket-Welding and Threaded 9
ASME B16.28Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Short Radius Elbows and Returns 92.3MSS Standards:
MSS SP-25Standard Marking System for Valves,Fittings,Flanges,and Unions 10
MSS SP-43Standard Practice for Light Weight Stainless Steel Butt-Welding Fittings 10
MSS SP-79Socket-Welding Reducer Inrts 10MSS SP-95Swaged(d)Nipples and Bull Plugs 102.4A
SME Boiler and Pressure Vesl Code:Section VIII Division I,Pressure Vesls 11Section IX,Welding Qualifications 112.5AWS Standards:
A 5.4Specification for Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel Covered Welding Electrodes 12A 5.9Specification for Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel Welding Rods and Bare Elec-trodes 122.6ASNT:
SNT-TC-1A(1984)Recommended Practice for Nondestruc-tive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification 133.Common Requirements and Ordering Information 3.1Material furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A 960including any supple-mentary requirements that are indicated in the purcha order.Failure to comply with the common requirements of Specifi-cation A 960constitutes nonconformance with this specifica-tion.In ca of conflict between this specification and Speci-fication A 960,this specification shall prevail.
3.2Specification A 960identifies the ordering information that should be complied with when purchasing material to this specification.
4.Material
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4.1The material for fittings shall consist of forgings,bars,plates,or amless or welded tubular products that conform to the chemical requirements in Table 2.See Table 3for a list of common names.
4.2The steel shall be melted by one of the following process:
4.2.1Electric furnace (with parate degassing and refining optional),
4.2.2Vacuum furnace,or
4.2.3One of the former followed by vacuum or electroslag-consumable remelting.
4.3If condary melting is employed,the heat shall be defined as all ingots remelted from a primary heat.
5.Manufacture
5.1Forming —Forging or shaping operations may be per-formed by hammering,pressing,piercing,extruding,uptting,rolling,bending,fusion welding,machining,or by a combina-tion of two or more of the operations.The forming procedure shall be so applied that it will not produce injurious defects in the fittings.
5.2All fittings shall be heat treated in accordance with Section
6.
5.3Grade WP fittings ordered as Class S shall be of amless construction and shall meet all requirements of ASME B1
6.9,B16.28,or MSS SP-79.
5.4Grade WP fittings ordered as Class W shall meet the requirements of ASME B1
6.9or B16.28and:
5.4.1Shall have all pipe welds made by mill or the fitting manufacturer with the addition of filler metal radiographically examined throughout the entire length in accordance with the Code requirements stated in 5.5,and,
5.4.2Radiographic inspection is not required on single longitudinal am welds made by the starting pipe manufac-turer if made without the addition of filler metal;and
5.4.3Radiographic inspection is not required on longitudi-nal am fusion welds made by the fitting manufacturer when all of the following conditions have been met:5.4.3.1no addition of filler metal,
5.4.3.2only one welding pass per weld am,and,5.4.3.3fusion welding from one side only.
5.4.4In place of radiographic examination,welds made by the fitting manufacturer may be ultrasonically examined in accordance with the Code requirements stated in 5.
6.
5.5Grade WP fittings ordered as Class WX shall meet the requirements of ASME B1
6.9or B16.28and shall have all welds,whether made by the fitting manufacturer or the starting material manufacturer,radiographically examined throughout their entire length in accordance with Paragraph UW-51of Section VIII,Division I,of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vesl Code.
5.6Grade WP fittings ordered as Class WU shall meet the requirements of ASME B1
6.9or B16.28and shall have all welds,whether made by the fitting manufacturer or the starting material manufacturer,ultrasonically examined throughout their entire length in accordance with Appe
ndix 12of Section VIII,Division 1of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vesl Code.5.7The radiography or ultrasonic examination of welds for this class of fittings may be done at the option of the manufacturer,either prior to or after forming.
5.8Personnel performing NDE examinations shall be quali-fied in accordance with SNT-TC-1A.
5.9Grade CR fittings shall meet the requirements of MSS SP-43and do not require nondestructive examination.
5.10All fittings shall have the welders,welding operators,and welding procedures qualified under the provisions of Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vesl Code except that starting pipe welds made without the addition of filler metal do not require such qualification.
5.11All joints welded with filler metal shall be finished in accordance with the requirements of Paragraph UW-35(a)of
世界四大航海家10
Available from Manufacturers’Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry,127Park St.,Northeast,Vienna,V A 22180.11
Available from ASME International,Three Park Avenue,New York,NY 10016–5990.12
Available from American Welding Society,550LeJeune Rd.,P.O.Box 351040,Miami,FL 33135.13
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing,4153Arlington Plaza,Columbus,OH
43228-0518.
5.12Fittings machined from bar shall be restricted to NPS4 or smaller.Elbows,return bends,tees,and header tees shall not be machined directly from bar stock.
5.12.1All caps machined from bar shall be examined by liquid penetrant in accordance with Supplementary Require-ment S52in Specification A960.
5.13Weld buildup is permitted to dimensionally correct unfilled areas produced during cold forming of stub ends. Radiographic examination of the weld buildup shall not be required provided that all the following steps are adhered to: 5.13.1The weld procedure and welders or welding opera-tors meet the requirements of5.10.
5.13.2Annealing is performed after welding and prior to machining.
5.13.3All weld surfaces are liquid penetrant examined in accordance with Appendix8of Section VIII,Division1of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vesl Code.
5.14Stub ends may be produced with the entire lap added as weld metal to a straight pipe ction provided the welding satisfies the requirements of5.10for qualifications and
6.3post weld heat treatment.
5.14.1Grade WP Class W—Radiographic inspection of the weld is required.See5.4.
5.14.2Grade WP Class WX—Radiographic inspection of all welds is required.See5.5.
5.14.3Grade WP Class WU—Ultrasonic inspection of all welds is required.See5.
6.
5.14.4Grade CR—Nondestructive examination is not re-quired.See5.12.1.
5.15Stub ends may be produced with the entire lap added by the welding of a ring,made from plate or bar of the same alloy grade and composition,to the outside of a straight ction of pipe,provided the weld is double welded,is a full
TABLE2Chemical Requirements N OTE1—Where an ellipsis(...)appears in this table,there is no requirement.
penetration joint,satisfies the requirements of5.10for quali-fications and6.2for post weld heat treatment.
5.15.1Class WP-W—Radiographic inspection of the welds, made with the addition offiller metal,is required(e5.4).
5.15.2Class WP-WX—Radiographic inspection of all welds,made with or without the addition offiller metal,is required(e5.5).
5.15.3Class WP-WU—Ultrasonic inspection of all welds, made with or without the addition offiller metal,is required (e5.6).
5.15.4Class CR nondestructive examination is not required (e5.9).
5.16Afterfinal heat treatment,all“H-Grade”steelfittings shall have a grain size of7or coarr in accordance with Test Methods E112.
6.Heat Treatment
6.1Allfittings shall be furnished in the heat-treated condi-tion.For H grades,parate solution heat treatments are required for solution annealing;in-process heat treatments are not permitted as a substitute for the parate solution annealing treatments.The heat-treat procedure,except for tho grades listed in6.2,shall consist of solution annealing thefittings at a minimum temperature of1900°F[
1040°C]until the chromium carbides go into solution,and then cooling at a sufficient rate to prevent reprecipitation.
6.2A solution annealing temperature above1950°F [1065°C]may impair the resistance to intergranular corrosion after subquent exposure to nsitizing conditions in321, 321H,347,and347H.When specified by the purchar,a lower temperature stabilization or resolution anneal shall be ud subquent to the initial high-temperature solution anneal (e Supplementary Requirement S2).
6.3All welding shall be done prior to heat treatment.
6.4Fittings machined directly from solution-annealed forg-ings and bar stock need not be resolution annealed.
7.Chemical Composition
7.1The chemical composition of each cast or heat ud shall be determined and shall conform to the requirements of the chemical composition for the respective grades of materials listed in Table2.The ranges as shown have been expanded to include variations of the chemical analysis requirements th
at are listed in the various specifications for starting materials (pipe,tube,plate,bar,and forgings)normally ud in the manufacturing offittings to this specification.Methods and practices relating to chemical analys required by this speci-fication shall be in accordance with Test Methods,Practices, and Terminology A751.Product analysis tolerances in accor-dance with Specification A480/A480M are applicable.
7.2The steel shall not contain any unspecified elements for the ordered grade to the extent that it conforms to the requirements of another grade for which that element is a specified element having a required minimum content.
7.3Infittings of welded construction,the alloy content (carbon,chromium,nickel,molybdenum,columbium,and tantalum)of the deposited weld metal shall conform to that required of the ba metal or for equivalent weld metal as given in the AWSfiller metal specification A5.4or A5.9(Type348 weld metal is listed in AWS A5.9but not in AWS A5.4). Exceptions are when welding on Types304L and304ba metals,the deposited weld metal shall correspond,respec-tively,to AWS E308L(ER308L)and E308(ER308),when welding on Type321ba metal,the weld metal shall correspond to AWS Type E347(ER347or ER321);and,when welding on S31725,S31726,S31254or S33228osited weld metal shall correspond either to the alloy content of th
e ba metal or to AWS A5.11E NiCrMo·3(UNS W86112)(AWS A5.14Ni Cr Mo·3(UNS N06625)).
7.3.1Supplementary Requirement S1may be specified where16-8-2filler metal is required for joining thick ctions of Types316,321,or347and has adequate corrosion resis-tance for the intended rvice.
8.Tensile Properties
8.1The tensile properties of thefitting material shall con-form to the requirements of Table4.The testing and reporting shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370.
8.1.1Specimens cut either longitudinally or transverly shall be acceptable for the tensile test.
8.1.2While Table4specifies elongation requirements for both longitudinal and transver specimens,it is not the intent that both requirements apply simultaneously.Instead,it is intended that only the elongation requirement that is appropri-ate for the specimen ud be applicable.
8.2Records of the tension test made on the starting material shall be certification that the material of thefitting meets the requirements of this specification provided that heat treatments are the same.
8.3If the raw material was not tested,or if the heat
TABLE3Common Names
Grade WP A Grade CR A UNS Designation Type B WPXM-19CRXM-19S20910XM-19C WP304CR304S30400304
WP304L CR304L S3*******L
WP304H CR304H S3*******H
WP304N CR304N S3*******N
WP304LN CR304LN S3*******LN
WP309CR309S30900309
WP310S CR310S S3*******
WP316CR316S31600316
WP316L CR316L S3*******L
WP316H CR316H S3*******H
WP316N CR316N S3*******N
WP316LN CR316LN S3*******LN
WP317CR317S31700317
WP317L CR317L S3*******L WPS31725CRS31725S31725317LM C WPS31726CRS31726S31726317LMN C WP321CR321S32100321
WP321H CR321H S3*******
<
WP347CR347S34700347
WP347H CR347H S3*******H
WP348CR348S34800348
WP348H CR348H S3*******H
A Naming system developed and applied by ASTM.
B Unless otherwi indicated,a grade designation originally assigned by the American Iron and Steel Institute(AISI).
C Common name,not a trademark widely ud,not associated with any one
producer.
treatment of the raw material was different than the heat treatment of thefitting,thefitting manufacturer shall perform at least one tension test per heat on material reprentative of thefitting,and in the same condition of heat treatment as the fitting it reprents.Qualification of welding procedures shall be in accordance with5.8.
8.4If a tension test through the weld is desired,Supplemen-tary Requirement S51in Specification A960should be speci-fied.
9.Hydrostatic Tests
9.1Hydrostatic testing is not required by this specification.
9.2All Grade WPfittings shall be capable of withstanding without failure,leakage,or impairment of rviceability,a test pressure equal to that prescribed for the specified matching pipe or equivalent material.
9.3All Grade CRfittings,except tees covered in9.3.1,shall be capable of withstanding without failure,leakage,or impair-ment of rviceability,a test pressure bad on the ratings in MSS SP-43.
9.3.1Grade CR tees fabricated using interction welds shall be capable of passing a hydrostatic test bad on70%of the ratings in MSS SP-43.
10.Surface Quality
10.1Fittings supplied under this specification shall be examined visually.Selected typical surface discontinuities shall be explored for depth.Thefittings shall be free from surface discontinuities that penetrate more than5%of the specified nominal wall thickness,except as defined in10.3and 10.4,and shall have a workmanlikefinish.
10.2Surface discontinuities deeper than5%of the speci-fied nominal wall thickness,except as defined
in10.3and10.4, shall be removed by the manufacturer by machining or grinding to sound metal,and the repaired areas shall be well faired.The wall thickness at all points shall be at least871⁄2% of the specified nominal wall thickness,and the diameters at all points shall be within the specified limits.
10.3Surface checks(fish scale)deeper than1⁄64in.[0.4 mm]shall be removed.
10.4Mechanical marks deeper than1⁄16in.[1.6mm]shall be removed.
10.5When the removal of a surface discontinuity reduces the wall thickness below871⁄2%of the specified nominal wall thickness at any point,thefitting shall be subject to rejection or to repair as provided in10.6.
10.6Repair by Welding:
10.6.1Repair of unacceptable imperfections in the ba metal is permissible forfittings made to the dimensional standards listed in1.1or for other standardfittings made for stock by the manufacturer.Prior approval of the purchar is required to repair specialfittings made to the purchar’s requirements.Welding of unacceptable imperfections in no ca shall be permitted when the depth of defect exceeds 331⁄3%of the nominal wall thickness or the defect area exceeds10%of the surface area of thefitting.
10.6.2The welding procedure and welders shall be qualified in accordance with Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vesl Code.
10.6.3The composition of the weld deposits shall be in accordance with7.3and in accordance with the procedure qualification for the applicable material.
10.6.4Unacceptable imperfections shall be removed by mechanical means or by thermal cutting or gouging methods. Cavities prepared for welding shall be examined with liquid penetrant in accordance with Practice E165.No cracks are permitted in the prepared cavities.Personnel performing NDE examinations shall be qualified in accordance with SNT-TC-1A.
10.6.5The weld repair shall be permanently identified with the welder’s stamp or symbol in accordance with Section VIII of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vesl Code.
10.6.6Weld repair area(s)shall be blended uniformly to the ba metal and shall be examined by liquid penetrant in accordance with Practice E165.No cracks are permitted in the weld or surrounding1⁄2in.[12.7mm]of ba metal.Personnel performing NDE examinations shall be qualified in accordance with SNT-TC-1A.
10.6.7After weld repair,material shall be heat treated in accordance with Section6.
夹板固定
10.7Thefittings shall be free of scale and shall be passi-vated.
11.Dimensions
11.1Forfittings covered by ASME B16.9,ASME B16.11, ASME B16.28,MSS SP-43,or MSS SP-79,the sizes,shapes, and dimensions of thefittings shall be as specified in tho standards.
儿子的房间11.1.1Fittings of size or shape differing from the stan-dards,but meeting all other requirements of this specification, may be furnished in accordance with Supplementary Require-ment S58Specification A960.
12.Rejection and Rehearing
12.1Material that fails to conform to the requirements of this specification may be rejected.Rejection should be reported to the producer or supplier promptly and in writing.In ca of dissatisfaction with the results of the tests,the producer or supplier may make claim for rehearing.
TABLE4Tensile Requirements
All WP and CR Grades Yield Strength,min,
ksi[MPa]
Tensile Strength,min,
ksi[MPa]
304,304LN,304H,309,30[205]75[515] 310,316,316LN,316H,
项目计划书如何写317,317L,321,321H,
347,347H,348,348H
S31725
304L,316L25[170]70[485]
304N,316N,S3172635[240]80[550]
XM-1955[380]100[690]
S3125444[300]94[650]to119[820] S3322827[185]73[500]
S3456560[415]115[795]
Elongation Requirements
Longitudinal Transver
Standard round specimen,or small proportional specimen,or strip-type specimen,minimum%in
4D 28
20
